Effects Of Playfulness To The Ability Of Delay Of Gratification And Strategy Of The 5～6 Year-old Children

Delay of gratification is one of ingredients of self-regulation system, which is necessary to individuals guiding their behaviors in the absence of external imposed stimulations circumstances. The ability of delay of gratification reflectes that individuals who face all kinds of temptations can still control their own immediate impulse and concentrate on the more valuable long-term target. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of playfulness to the ability of delay of gratification and strategy of 5~6 years old children,in order to enrich the theories of children's game and self-control and provid a theoretical basis for the practice of education.In this study, we used experimental method primarily,supplemented by qualitative methods. We filtered testees by rating scale and interviewing. Observation, interviewing and outline drawing are supplementary methods. This research modified the experimental patten of former EID and design 2×2 two factors project which is randomed completely .There are two independent variables. A is the level of playfulness (higher or lower) ,B is whether provide a toy or not(provide toys or don't provide toys).And the dependent variable is the time which 5～6 years old kids wait for and the strategies which they use during the process of wait.Base on the analysis of results of this research,we get conclusions as follow:(1)There is an insignificant differrence of playfulness in the ability of the delaying gratification. The differences between children whose playfulness are higher and children whose playfulness are lower are the ability of content process. That's to say,the Children whose playfulness are higher are more aggressive and positive during the process of wait,and are more satisfied with the process of wait.(2) There is an insignificant differrence of playfulness in the strategy. The differences of children whose playfulness are higher and children whose playfulness are lower are using of strategy. Children whose playfulness are higher use aidant strategy and evasive strategy mostly,and children whose playfulness are lower use passive strategy mostly. (3) There is an insignificant differrence of conditions in the ability of delay of gratification. But the time which children who are in the condition with toys is longer than in the condition without toys.(4) There is an significant differrence of effects of conditions to playing strategies and seeing for short time, but there is an insignificant differrence of effects of conditions to seeing for long time. In the condition with toys,the strategy they use mostly is playing for long time which belongs to strategy of transferring attention and the strategy which they use is more single. But in the condition without toys, the strategy they use mostly is seeing which belongs to strategy of transferring attention and are more flexible and diverse.(5) There is a bigger exaltation for 5～6 year-old children in the ability of delay of gratification. They can use some strategies flexibly and there are less negative behaviors during this process. The strategy they use mostly is transferring attention and The strategy they use leastly is spoken language strategy, which is consistent in playfulness, situation and sex. The differences of preference delaying strategy are mainly on the sorting positions of asking for help strategy, passive strategy and evasion strategy.(6) On this experimental conditions, there is an insignificant sex differrence in the ability of delaying gratification and strategies.