The Social Assistance And The Population Mobility In The Republic Of China Time(1912-1937)

The Republic of China time was a reforming time about social assistance development. During this period the western modern charitable ideas spread. That caused both the continue of the traditional philanthropy operation way and the newly, modernizing rescue mechanism. It manifested in the endeavor of the government in the relief legislation and the relief organization, moreover it also manifested in the large quantities of new relief association in the society. And great attention had been paid to vigorous rescue measures which hoped to help the relievers to get a long-term development, not just a short-term subsistence. These new changes caused the charitable rescue enterprise to change from traditional personal endeavor to the work for the public good which the entire society paid attention to.The Republic of China time also was a peak time of population mobility. Through analyses about the the reason of population mobility, such conclusion could be drawn: during the Republic of China time the population mobility mostly was passive and the goal of fleeing was to seek livehood. Social assistance was urgent and essential to the transient population. The objective point of this article is how the government and the society rescue and place these transient population in the Republic of China time.About the social assistance and population mobile regarding the Republic of China time, very few scholars combined the two problems and research it. This article intergrated the two and summarized the success and the failure about to rescue and place the transient population in the Republic of China time. From the research the contribution of the social assistance to solve the transient population question can be seen, certainly at the same time we can also see the serious limitation of rescue.The rescue way to the transient population in the Repulic of China not only displayed the traditional and passive relief measures, such as, providing relief fund and relief provisions, building shelter and establishing the collection post, subsidizing repatriates and so on stopgap and emergent measures, but also displayed vigorous relief measures for basesd on the reliever as well as the social long-term development, like the education relief, the unemployment relief, the migration to reclaim wasteland, providing work as a form of relief and so on. From these relief measures, we can see not only see implication of the modern significance relief idea, but also the legislation flaw in view of relief transient population questions.From the discussion about the social assistance in the Repulic of China, we can see the society assistance can relax the society and make it to be contradictory, stable social order, promotion social progress. But in the final analysis the society rescues is one remedial measure which is not the basic means of solve the social question. Moreover, the society rescue cannot only relief refugee at disasters and reconstruct after disasters, but also should start the forewarn to disasters and strengthen society relief foresight. All these contents have many practical significances for nowdays social development.