The External Reason Of The Grammaticalization Of Interrogative Pronoun "What"

The use of non-interrogative of interrogative pronoun"what"is very complex in Modern Chinese Language and this usage appears with high frequency. This kind of grammatical phenomenon has aroused the great attention to various scholars. I observe and study the external reasons of the development from the use of interrogative to non- interrogative through the increase of diachronic frequency, the observe of politeness principle and the increase of subjective perspective views based on previous scholars'studies.On the increase of diachronic frequency, it mainly research on the references of different historical periods as text, which treat and describe the non-interrogative respectively. It finally sums up that: 18th century is the germination period of non-interrogative. From 12th to 18th century, it is the maturity period. 20th century is the steadied period. Meanwhile we get the conclusion that the advanced use of the non-interrogative, which provides the possible external reason for its grammaticalization with time going.On the observance of politeness principles, the generation of non-interrog -ative of "what" which responds to the Leech's politeness principle. It also studies from the strategy principle, generosity principle, praise principle, modesty principle, coordinate principle and sympathy principle through a mount of practical principle, which has a detail analysis and description. Meanwhile it stated that the non-interrogative use of"what"is the grammarlization in terms of following the politeness principle which represents in the specific and denial the two non-interrogative sentences.On the increase of subjective, it mainly has a systematic analysis and description on this kind of non-interrogative starting from the speaker's view, speaker's motion and speaker's reorganization. It pays great stress on the observation from the speaker's view among the three sentences"what is not X by X""what are V and O""X or NOT X". Take the use of exclamatory sentences and negative sentences as example, which inspects the speaker's emotion, meanwhile it interprets the subjective phenomenon of non-interrogative use of"what"through the speaker's cognitive psychology. Finally, the conclusion is that subjective is the active reason which make the interrogative use of"what"develop to non-interrogative use.On the relation of three exterior factors, we think that three factors don't produce a function at to interrogative pronoun"what"parallelly, but produce a function at to interrogative pronoun"what"crossly. Main performance is that: the observance of politenesss principle is the prior condition of the increase of subjective; the increase of subjective is the inevitable outcome of the increase of diachronic frequency.