An Analysis Of Guangdong And Guangxi Migrating To Vietnam In The Middle-late 19th Century(1865～1885)

Population migration is an important social problem manifestation. Transnational migration of neighbouring countries will especially make a profound impact upon the social development of the two sides involved. Therefore, the multinational population migration in recent years becomes the focus of attention of the academic community. The researches concerning this aspect which the academia has made have gained quite fruitful results. However due to the different research directions and focuses or some other restrictions, to date, academic circles have not done a thorough and fruitful research on the people migration to vietnam which occurred in the middle-late 19th century (1865 to 1885). In view of this, I want tobe beneficial to this respect of research to some extent.Based on the Marxist historical materialism, this thesis is discoursed with multidisciplinary theories including demography, sociology, ethnology, etc. The author employs many skills, such as historical comparison method, narration method, factor analysis theory and so on to write this paper. More over, from multi-dimensional perspectives, he tries hard to systematically expound the chosen subject.The article is composed of six parts; namely, the Introduction; an overview of population migration into Vietnam from Guangdong and Guangxi; the reasons rendering the migration phenomenon; the government measures to deal with the transfer of population, the impacts from the migration of China's population into Vietnam and the conclusion.The introduction part gives a summary of the previous researches including their fruits and disadvantages. And then the author tells his readers why he choose this subject to study, the theories and methods he employs, several related definitions, his new discoveries and inadequacies.The second part briefly introduces the outline of the population migration. It can be divided into four subsections: the origin, classification, distribution and characteristics of the population migration.The third part mainly discusses the reasons of the migration. The author believes that there are three main reasons leading to the migration: the pushing force from the emigrating places, the pulling force from the immigrating places and the inertia force from the historical tradition of China's population migration into Vietnam. The first factor results from the heavy population pressure of Guangdong and Guangxi, the heavy burden on peasants, the Qing government's brutal suppression to the masses. The second one contains five sub-factors: the natural conditions facilitate peasants'flee from the Qing's suppression, the weak government in the northern Vietnam, the rich soils make it easier for the masses to survive here, and the slack garrisons in the Sino-Vietnamese borders. The inertial force mainly refers to the role of the previous models. When the emigrants have lived a fine life such as the improvement of their living conditions, the success of their cause and the elevation of their social status, etc, the people sharing the same forefathers or their fellow town men will be attracted to the exotic land to find a similar good fortune. Obviously, these three forces jointly contribute to the large scale population migration at that time.The following section focused on the measures taken by the Chinese and Vietnamese governments to settle and control the migration population. According to the different cases of the different groups, Vietnamese Government took some corresponding measures: exterminating the immigrants mercilessly, permitting the immigrants'dwelling or exploiting them. As for the Qing government, it respectively took the corresponding measures in different periods in light of the changing situations and needs based on the changing relationships among the three nations: China, Vietnam and France. Sparing no efforts to wipe out the emigrants, offering amnesty to them, making use of them and finally, mercilessly abandoning them were all the expedient measures taken by the Qing government.The fifth section explores the influences of the massive population migration. It can be concluded into the following three aspects: Firstly, a large number of Guangdong and Guangxi population's settlement in northern Vietnam greatly promoted the reclamation of the barren mountainous lands and changed the face of the Mountainous areas there to some extent. Secondly, the immigrants, through the Red River shipping hub, actively carried out border commercial activities which promoted the unofficial Sino-Vietnamese border trade. Finally, the immigrants'sudden crowding in the North Vietnam, had a major impact on the development of the relations between the ethnic groups of the Chinese and Vietnamese.The conclusion is a summary on the issue of the migration occurring in the mid-late19th century (1865～1885) ,and the author has given a case analysis to the issue from which he hopes that he could arouse a more thorough understanding of the issue and provide some conveniences to the further researches on this subject .First of all ,migration is an important form of social change and it is one of the main driving force for social chang .Secondly the population movements between neighouring counthries are earsy to become the formation of cross-national and they often conflict with local residents the Government .The Government of reasonable response measures are an effective means of conflict resolution .