A Study On The Structure Of "V+ta(他)+X"

This paper is focused on the two concrete expressions of the modern Chinese structure "V+ta(他)+X". These include form A:"V+ta(他)+numeral+classifier+noun", such as " to buy ta(他) two jin (mutton)/ to take ta(他) a trip / to sleep ta(他) for three days ",and form B:"V + ta(他)+ ge(个)+ NP / VP ", such as "to engaged in ta(他) a big gain /to drink ta(他) to great satisfaction."In this paper, the structure of "V + ta(他) + X" is investigated from three aspects,which include syntactic structure, semantics and pragmatics. "Ta(他)" in the structure often doesn't have a specific meaning, and often been omitted.The omitting of ta(他) does not affect the integrity of the structure and semantics. The left part of the structure when " ta(他) " was omitted include two kinds: verb-object and verb-complement construction. The structure of "V+ta(他)+X" has three semantic characteristics, which are the features of wish, boundary and non-realistic. The three characteristics are grouped together in harmony, forming the overall semantic characteristic, that is, "make a event to generate consciously." The structure of "V + ta(他) + X" has divergent meanings, because " ta(他)" has certain-indication or uncertain-indication meanings, which are relevant to valence of the verb. "V + ta(他) + X" is often used in the spoken language, and also can be used in the written style; it is often used in declarative sentences, imperative sentences and interrogative sentences, and rarely appeared in exclamatory sentence; it is often used in affirmative sentence, and rarely appeared in denying sentence. According to the principle that the accent is often at the end of the sentence, and the theory of assignment of the common stress, the stress of form A have two situations: verb or norn, the stress of form B is NP or VP.Based on the investigation of the structure from three aspects, we can get a conclusion: "Ta(他)" has the function of making up a disyllable, harmonizing the rhythm, strengthening tone, designating unrealized aspect, and strengthening emotional color to the sentence. "Ta(他)" is a modality particle, and also a aspect auxiliary.This paper describes and analyzes the emergence and developing process of "V + ta(他) + X" , and the grammaticalization of "Ta(他)", applying the theory of the grammaticalization , from the diachronic perspective . The function of "ta(他)" changed from noun to demonstrative pronoun, and from demonstrative pronoun to personal pronoun. "Ta(他)" as the third personal pronoun was originated from the Tang Dynasty, and grammaticalized from the Northern Song Dynasty, which originally in the form A1.The influence of the meaning, the drive of rhythm, the change of the the syntax place, the subjective factors,are the reasons of the grammaticalization of "Ta(他)". Reanalysis and the analogy are the mechanisms that force the structure of "V + ta(他) + X" to be fixed.This paper uses the grammar theory of three aspects, the valence of grammar, the syntax theory of rhythm, and the theory of grammaticalization, from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives, makes a detailed analysis and explains the specific form of the structure "V + ta(他) + X", aiming at knowing the origin and development of the structure and the finction and features of "Ta(他)".