Research On The Professional Morpheme Of Modern Chinese

Morpheme was proposed by American structuralism linguist Bloomfield. In modern China the famous linguist Chen Wangdao used the concept for the first time when he was talking about the word formation rules in one of his book.Our traditional linguistics paid much attention to written languages, the characters drew a lot of attention of scholars, the research about the morpheme was not given enough attention to as they should have.The morpheme could be categorized by different standards, Wang Qin and Wu Zhankun divided it into the common morpheme and the special morpheme according to whether it could be used separately when it constructing a word. If it could be used separately, it is common morpheme or it is professional morpheme. If we take morpheme as an unit of language, the last morpheme was inferior to the morpheme, whose connotation is stricter and the extension is more precise. This paper divides morpheme into the professional morpheme and the common morpheme according to whether it can be used separately. The professional morpheme refers to those could not be used as a word independently in the modern written Chinese and only be used to construct words. The professional morpheme is used as a stem in majority, occasionally it is used an affix, but also includes a part of the localization morpheme and the part that does not locate, which has an empty element also to have the solid element.We made a quantitative analysis of the professional morpheme in this paper, take "Chinese Frequently used character Construction Dictionary" as the main basis.Using "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (5th edition), "Modern Chinese 800 Words" and other reference books as the auxiliary language materials. When selecting professional morpheme I also pay attention to the form, significance and the function of the morpheme in two aspects, distinguished from pronunciation, character, semantics and the word construction two aspects. Counted the lexical category assignment situation, concludes that noun morpheme,verb morpheme and adjectival morpheme occupy the overwhelming majority in which noun morpheme is the most,and the other such as numeral morpheme, quantitative morpheme and adverbial morpheme consist of less than 1 percent.I also carried on the statistics to its single meaning and the equivocal situations as well as the ability of constructing words, the mumber of the professional morpheme decreases as the increasing of the number of significance,in ervery semantic item,the number of the three big item reduces as the trend of pos type decreasing in all professional morpheme.As the increasing of ability to construct,the number of special morpheme decreases,whose ability to construct words under 20 occupy the most of the special morpheme. Some of the professional morphemes comes from the monosyllable of ancient Chinese, some were inherited from the professional morpheme in ancient Chinese, while some are absorbed from external morpheme and has been transformed into the modern Chinese professional morpheme. The appearance of the professional morpheme, enriched the materials of Chinese constructing words, promoted the glossary double syllable of Chinese, accelerated the emergement of many new words.