On Disaster And Relief Between Chenghua And Zhengde Age

During the eras of Chenghua and Zhengde in Ming dynasty, natural disasters were more frequent than before, which took on obvious characters: low temperature and drought were not only occurred in north, but also happened everywhere in south. Severe natural disaster and the social problem such as the annexation of land, dictator of eunuch and so on, which led to disaster.Social economy had developed quickly between Chenghua and Zhengde age, but the finace of Ming dynasty was poor because of the system of taxation,so Ming dynasty took some measures to resist the disasters, being called"Juanmian"and"Zhentiao"in china, which meant government didn't cost a lot of material stock and money to get good effect on disaster relief. Compared with the early Ming dynasty,"Zhentiao"was particularly obvious between the era of Chenghua and Zhengde. There wasn't any records about"Zhentiao"from Hongwu age to Xuande age, besides some in the era of Zhengtong. However, the record on"Zhentiao"was increasing during the era of Zhengde."Zhentiao"in the era of Chenghua was paid attention to most. In the local disaster relief, the clan orgnization of the county in the north developed more slowly than that in the south. County society resist the natural disasters, which was also worse than that in the south. Compared to the south, although there were many persons contribute money and rice in the north, they were under the leader of government and were stimulated by the government, which was scattered and depended on the central government more in the disaster relief in the north.