Research On Archaeological Remains Yielded Li Vessels With Two Handles In The Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau

The Shanxi-Shaanxi plateau referred to in this paper includes central and northen Shanxi province, northwestern Hebei province, south-central Inner Mongolia and northern Shaanxi province. Archaeological discoveries showed that the remains which dated to the end of the third millennium BCE to the early second millennium BCE yielded Li vessels with two handles were widely founded in this region, and the archaeological cultures here showed great similarity .This paper mainly discusses the classification of these remains.This paper includes four chapters:PartⅠ: The classification of the remains in this regionAccording the composition of ceramics, we can divided these remains into 5 different cultures &complexes. There are Xinghua(杏花) Culture, Yongxingdian(永兴店) Culture, Shaizilingluo (筛子绫罗)complex , Dakou(大口)Ⅱculture and the late stage complex of Youyao(游邀) site. On this basis, we introduced the discoveries of each culture &complex, and their brief research history.PartⅡ: The phase and dating of these 5 different cultures &complexes.We divided Xinghua culture into 3 phases, and the third phase include 2 stages. Xinghua(杏花) culture nearly about during the late of Longshan culture period. Shaizilingluo complex was divided into 2 phases. Its first phase was equivalent to the late of Longshan culture period, and it's second phase was equivalent to the early phase of Erlitou culture. DakouⅡculture was divided into 1 phase including 4 stages. It beginning about the latest phase of longshan(龙山) culture, and vanished at the beginning of the third phase of Erlitou(二里头) culture. The late stage complex of Youyao was divided into 1 phase including 3 stages. It may be equivalent to the early phase of Erlitou culture.PartⅢ: Cultural factor analysis The composition of Xinghua culture's ceramics can be divided into 4 parts. Part A: Li vessels with two handles (both of them are mostly on two legs), they were derived from miaodigou(庙底沟)Ⅱculture locally. Part B: Composed of vat with plastic designs on the rim, jia, zun,all of them are the typical ceramics of Laohushan(老虎山) culture. From these ceramics, we can see the communication of Xinghua culture and Laohushan culture. Part C: Cup with hollows on ring foot .Cups with smooth foot are very commom in Yabazhaung(哑叭庄) Type. This kind of ceramics appeared in Youyao site, it shows that the communication beween north Shanxi and central Hebei. We can also see that the Xinghua culture has localized the cup—the ring foot of the cup was decorated with hollows. Part D: Li vessels with a handle bar, Yan with contracted mouth, Zun with wide mouth, Jia. These ceramics are new factors in Xinghua culture.The composition of Yongxingdian culture's ceramics can be divided into 2 parts. Part A: Li vessels with two handles (one of them is on leg), vat with plastic designs on the rim, jar with contracted mouth. These factors were inherited from Laohushan culture. Part B: Composed of Li vessels with a handle bar, Yan with contracted mouth, Dou with a shallow plate. These ceramics are new factors in Yongxingdian culture. The composition of shaizilingluo complex's ceramics can be divided into 2 parts. Part A: composed of Li vessels with two handles (one of them are on leg), He, Jar with contracted mouth. Similar ceramics were very common in Xinghua culture. Part B: Composed of jar with two brand lugs, basin with two brand lugs, Dou. These ceramics are very common in Yabazhuang type and the forth neolithic remains in Zhenjiangying(镇江营) site, the emergence of these factors was impressed by both of them.The composition of DakouⅡculture's ceramics can be divided into 4parts. Part A: Composed of Li vessels with two handles(one of them is on leg), Li vessels with single bar, Yan with contracted mouth, jia, jar having a bent shoulder. These factors were inherited from Yongxingdian culture. Part B: Composed of Jar with two big ears, Jar with one ear, these ceramics are very common in Qijia(齐家)culture, combining the custom of those tombs found jin Zhukaigou(朱开沟) site were similar to Qijia culture's tomb, maybe some of the people in Zhukaigou were from qijia culture. Part C: Composed of Li vessels with two handles(both of them are mostly on two legs), Jar with ring foot, Gui. These factors are very commom in Taosi(陶寺)culture. It shows the communications between them. Part D: Li vessels with single bar, Jia, Jar with two ears. These is the typical ceramics of Keshengzhuang(客省庄)Ⅱculture. These ceramics shows where the KeshengzhuangⅡculture is go.The late stage complex of Youyao's ceramics can be divided into 5 parts. Part A: Composed of Li vessels with two handles(one of them is on leg), Jia with contracted mouth, He. All of them were derived from Xinghua culture. Part B: Composed of Li vessels with two handles(one of them is on leg) and a long neck, Yan with a wide mouth, stemmed dou with a shallow plate, these ceramics were from Baiyan(白燕)Ⅳremains and Xiaqiyuan (下七垣) culture. Part C: Jar with two ears, Li vessels with plastic design on the rim, Jar with long neck and Zun with two ears. These ceramics was from DakouⅡculture. Part D: Jar with two handles, it copied the same things found in Yabazhaung type. Part E:Ding, Gui, Jia. They were new factors in The late stage complex of Youyao. PartⅣ: conclusion.