Tsinan, Weixian, Zhoucun Opening Up Trade Ports Self-determinately And The Social Change Of Shandong Area

In the late Ching Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the Chinese untreaty ports were presented in succession and showed an enlarging trend. The untreaty ports were trade cities which were opened by the rulers self-determinately, managed by themselves. Tsinan, Weixian and Zhoucun, three cities in Shandong province, were untreaty ports presented by local governors and approved by the government in Ching Dynasty. This article's main clue is based on social change in self-opened area. The first chapter mainly analyses the basic issues, such as the background, causes and ways of opening up, on the basis of this, the second, third and fourth chapters focus on discussing the social change of Shandong area from three aspects respectively: economy, city entity and ideology that was brought by opening up.Resistance of foreign aggression rationally was the guiding ideology of opening up and area change, just because of ration, splendid achievements were made. At the same time the three ports were opened up, having the same advantages of area and traffic, but having significant differences in performance. Internal factors were the main reason, these factors were the level of economic development, the political environmental factors, the subjective efforts of those in power and the regional cultural accumulation. In the favorable background of opening up, to explore the internal advantages and latent energy to rise rapidly, this is exactly the important enlightenment from summing up gain and loss of opening up..