"Wade-System" Phonetic Study

The end of Ming Dynasty missionaries came to China marked with the Latin alphabet characters completely changed the history of Chinese language study, but also changed the world of Chinese language teaching. In China, Chinese as a foreign language has 2000 years of history of education, from the Han Dynasty have been on the start, but until the end of Ming Dynasty Chinese foreigners remained in the initial study for the Chinese dictionary and study institutions, and always there is no specific external Chinese language teaching materials, students direct access to China after the Chinese academy or school that is too all over the College of Chinese study, there is no specific teaching materials, there is no specific teaching methods, learning styles of their students is the same with China, which has been continued until the end of the Ming.With the discovery and geographical division of the Church in Europe, the arrival of Western ships in the South China coast, with the Merchant Shipping comes also with the Gospel message of the Western missionaries, they arrive on this mysterious continent of the East, it was found missionary work here is not an easy task, first of all, the language is difficult to work together. Different from the western Chinese language, Chinese characters are also different from the Western alphabetic writing. The first missionaries came to China to found the Missionaries in China, we must learn Chinese, learning Chinese has become so the job required, so the arrival of missionaries in China studying Chinese as a top priority. In the Chinese study found that the process of studying Chinese characters is difficult, in order to read Chinese characters quasi be even more difficult. Study in order to be able to simplify the steps to quickly mastering the language, they thought of a character marked by the way the Latin alphabet, they opened the first of its kind to use the Latin alphabet characters mark.Chinese characters using the Latin alphabet was originally marked by the Italian missionary Ruggleri fiction, although in the "Dictionary of the Portuguese Chinese" in the recorded program is not a set of phonetic Roche mature and complete spelling program, it is not rough and meticulous finishing, but basically able to respond to the early West was one aspect of learning Chinese as well as do officials at the time of Nanjing, then the true face of the sound. It is also for the subsequent sets of phonetic laid the foundation for the program to open with the Latin alphabet characters of the first mark. Ruggeri in his native language - Italian, and was the lingua franca of the church - to mark Portuguese Chinese characters, the bold idea for him to learn not only the convenience, but also for the subsequent entry into China of missionary work and the provision of learning information that can draw on.In after Ruggleri, Matteo Ricci, Guo Jujing and Zhong Mingren, in 1598 at the prepared outside a Chinese dictionary, it has been recorded by Yang Fujin, this dictionary is the name of the "Han-European dictionary," but has lost only from Lima sinus of the "miracle of the West the word" can be seen. In the 1960s, "Wade-style" before the spelling program, spelling program can be no more than his accomplishment. Spelling programs and Lee Roche - Gold Pinyin Nanjing Mandarin program are to describe the object, the true record of the Nanjing Mandarin was the true face, for this study Mandarin in Nanjing change the voice of the literature provided valuable information for later "Wade-style" The emergence of phonetic provides reference information and reference. This spelling program on spelling programs Ruggleri of great change, first of all the letters of its reunification, that is, all marked with the Roman alphabet to avoid confusion, and the second is unaspirated symbols, the third is marked with the symbol of the tone. McGinley Pavilion later in his "eyes and ears of the West Joinet capital" and to further improve the use of a set of phonetic program, so future generations of this spelling program is generally referred to as Lee - the spelling program. This spelling program has become a few hundred years later the best spelling program, all the Chinese language teaching materials, the book describes the syntax and tool set of alphabet used by the program. On behalf of and as a result of Ming and Qing Yi清中期the "closed-door policy", the West seems to have been learning the Chinese language has entered a low ebb. After the Opium War, the influx of large numbers of Westerners and Chinese, and then set off once the climax of Westerners to learn Chinese. Wade is at this time came to China, and happens to play overseas Chinese secretary in charge of training the work of Chinese employees. In order to enable students to master quickly master the language, he must be taken to facilitate simple and quickest way to achieve the purpose of teaching, so he will have the opportunity to study Chinese language teaching and learning methods. And his sharp eyes found easily on behalf of Mandarin Chinese, when the Mandarin from Nanjing to Beijing at the time of change in Mandarin, so he was accurate as of the learners to create a favorable learning conditions.However, a very difficult condition at the time, no one is Beijing Mandarin Chinese for the description of the contents of textbooks, the same syllable of Beijing Mandarin is also a blank sheet, and he only had to create their own. In 1867, the first of the Beijing Mandarin spoken materials published at the same time through the book, "Wade-system" popular in the world immediately Pinyin, Chinese language teaching and the world have had a great influence in Japan to rewrite the history of the preparation of textbooks, for centuries after "the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet" have generated a huge boost. "Wade-system" phonetic features of the program itself determines that it will become an expression for the unique four tones mark law, consonant and vowel system easy to learn, as well as some of the first related to the phenomenon of voice flow, these are worthy of a modern foreign language teachers in the study."Wade-system"Pinyin was known all over the world. The second edition in 1886 two years after the official release, that is, in 1888, resulting in the International Phonetic Alphabet and its very similar, can be seen from the relationship between the two. Even if the United Nations in 1981 adopted the views of the Chinese in all the official documents used in Pinyin spelling of the way of people and place names in China after Hong Kong and Taiwan and some countries in Asia, as well as English-speaking countries has been the use of "Wade-system"spelling, it highlights the advantages and practicality of this can be seen on. It reached the height of the alphabet then the program can not match its influence around the world, and even today in our teaching of Chinese as a foreign language teaching is still drawing on the meaning of speech. If the Chinese as a Foreign Language teachers and if we can master the use of "Wade-system" spelling program, and can be applied to teaching them, then that will help students to learn Chinese pronunciation.