The Influence Of Venturing To Northeast China On The Formation Of Liaoning Dialects

After the Qing Dynasty invaded Beijing,Liaoning(Northeast China) regions were sparsely populated with fertile land and rich resources.The areas of Shandong,though inflicted by years of famine,were convenient to connect the Northeast China,thus formed the climax of venturing to Northeast China in the later part of the Qing Dynasty. In the years of the Republic of China,the climax of immigration continued to move forward.According to the estimation made by the expert of the migration process, during the 200 years of the Qing Dynasty,the largest amount of immigrants in Northeastern China is from Shandong.It is about seven million to eight million people in between.In the years of the Republic of China,among the three northeastern provinces,immigrants from Shandong accounted for more than 1800 million and more than 790 million people retained in the Northeast China.And the relative concentration of large-scale immigration is bound to make a certain degree of contact,integration and impact between different dialects.Under the influence of the Chinese,in the years of mid-Qianlong and Daoguang,Shengjing and Jilin had gradually immerged trends of Chinese language replacing Man language.In the comparison between Shandong dialects and Liaoning dialects,the phonetic has a lot of similarities:The number of initial in Shandong dialects is in general more than the one in Liaoning dialects.The number of final is more or less the same.From the perspective of tone,there is a trend to simplify in Shandong dialects.There are nine Yantai-based three-tone dialects areas.There are also four three-tone dialects areas of the same type in Liaoning.Shandong dialects generally have 22 to 31 initials and Liaoning dialects have 19 to 23.The "Ri" initial words in the Liaoning and Shandong dialects almost lost their initials,reading the zero-initial.The Xie;zhi;Shan and Zhen groups medial-u in Duan groups of the two dialects also almost lost the medial-u.From the perspective of vocabulary,55 featured words of Jiaodong dialects extracted from the "Ancient Slang Evidence" are still actively used in the region of Jiaodong and are also widely used in Liaoning dialects.This is the complement and deepening of the relationship between dialects of Liaoning and Shandong.These pieces of evidence prove that there is a close relationship between dialects of Shandong and Liaoning.In the early Qing Dynasty,the Jiaodong dialects brought by the immigrants from Jiaodong Peninsula laid the foundation of the Liaodong Peninsula dialects.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the highest immigration wave made by those venturing to Northeast China has made Shangdong dialets a basic and radiative function in the formation of the dialets of the central and western in Liaoning(Northeast China). Thus the central and western Liaoning(Northeast China) dialects should be formed in the late Qing Dynasty to the first half of the last century.