The Research On Jan'an Epistle

During the period of Jian'an Period,the composition of epistle appeared flourishingly and was not only a tool to deliver messages and information;moreover,it greatly became literary,and was created as literature.This paper generally sees about all subjects,art and idea of epistles at Jian'an Period and tries to make the reappearance of the boom situation of Jian' an epistle influenced by the spring tide of "literature consciousness".Chapter one:this chapter is mainly to trace the headstream of epistle and clarify and explain its function;is mainly to give the confines of its concept and scope and analyze the denominations of epistles.The nascence of epistle has close relation with frequent intercommunion among every state in Spring and Autumn Periodand Warring States Period. The epistle also developed fast and greatly for the reason of practical application.At the early time the epistle was used to exchange messages and information,and latterly it became a private article and was used to express author's emotion.As a wide and general concept,the epistle consists of various styles.This article is limited to discuss "script" and "letter". Because "wood book" is a universal term of epistle and not nicety,so the article adopts the name "epistle".Chapter two:This chapter will study the epistles in the days of Pre-Ch'in and East and West Hart Dynasties which are earlier than Jian'an Period.In the Pri-Ch'in Days,the number of letters was small,and on the whole,they were official letters discussing political issues,therefore,those letters were without individual emotion and idea.The epistle in East and West Dynasties had approached a higher level.Two styles, majestic "Great Article" and interesting and sentimental "Salutation Words" appeared.The "Big Article" was grand and magnificent,mainly concerning about big events for individuals, expressing personal ambition and ideal,which was powerful enough to touch human's inner soul."Salutation Words" was with fine and delicate diction,giving voice of various senses and realizations of life,which was full of activity.The letter---"Letters between Two",that is the correspondences between the couple Ch'in Jia and Xu Shu,pioneered a brand new area in the field of epistle.They fused their great and strong affection into the letters so that the letters had romantic color.Chapter Three:This chapter is going to categorize the subject matter of epistles in Jian'an Period.At this time,the subject matter of epistle had expanded to all walks of life and social aspects.Firstly the epistle probed into "Big Event" and "Small Emotion".During Jian'an Period, many military and political letters written by knights of the pen were composed with free dictions and had both emotion and reason.Many correspondences with human kindness came out between emperors and ministers,pouring the deep affection and thick friendship out.The letters between official stuff were more private and full of vivacity when they talked about official affairs.During this period there were many epistles expressing personal ambition and ideal,delivering their senses of present and sorrow feeling for the past.Some letters came down to daily trivialities and life realizations.All of these epistles were short and dapper. Even between emperors and ministers,there were letters to discuss trivialities to show their harmonious relationship.Secondly the epistles were the letters of expressing ideal and ambition and the letters of critic and lampoon.The scholars in Jian'an Period pursued eternity by the way of "having moral and fame" and the way of "writing books and articles",the ideal came out from these correspondences.The lampoon letter had some use to solve political problems,in daily life, the emperors and ministers also communicated with tease and joke letters.Finally,the epistle probed into literature and art.The scholars at this period had known the great value of literature,so they were high on discussing it in letters.The subjects came down to literature theories and the appreciation of art,hence letter provided a platform for discussing literature and art.Chapter Four:This chapter is to study artistry of Jian'an epistle.From this period on, Jian'an epistle started to tend to "Article is on purpose",pursuing the aesthetic of emotion and the aesthetic of diction,and having high character of individuation.Firstly,the emotional factors were added to Jian'an epistle and the emotional expression did not base on things,and the emotion itself could be the subject matter of epistle,which was so-called "writing for emotion". Secondly,Jian'an epistle began to tend to a parallel and couplet style,being particular about couplet and parallel;using stories;paying attention to diction modifier and rhythm.The writers in Jian'an Period intentionally wrote articles in the style of couplet,often used stories to make the epistle more brilliant and magnificent;meanwhile a large number of colorful and graceful words were used so as to get a vision beauty.Although the epistle did not need to pay more attention to rhythm,but the harmony and nature of syllable became important.Finally,Jan'an epistle eomported vivid individuation,the letters written by Father and Son of Cao Family(Cao Cao and Cao Zhi),by Kong Rong,Wu Zhi,etc.,had distinctive styles.The individuations of their epistle were closely related to writers' own experiences,and also had relation with opened thought and civilization atmosphere at that period.