The Overview Of Several Studies Of "Le" (le)

The word"le"which appears after a verb and an adjective or at the end of a sentence is a function word used frequently. The grammarians at home and abroad have been exploring it consistently from different angles. This thesis merely concentrates on several aspects on this word.â… . The classification of its meaningsThe usage and grammar meanings of"le"are complicated and various, thus its angle and way of classification are also different.Li Jinxi (1924) and Lv Shuxiang(1980) insist on the dichotomy on"le", while Wang Weixian(1991) and Shi Guanxin (2006) insist on the trichotomy on"le". Besides, Jin Linxin (1998) and Liu Xunning(2007) have classified its meanings into four categories.As for"le"and its ways of classification, Yu Guangzhong(1989) classified it by its different distributions; Wang Weixian (1991) classified it by its different accents and Wu Lingfei(2002) judged it according to its grammatical case, while Peng Lizhen(2007) classified it according to its mood.â…¡.The grammatical meaning of"le"There mainly exist two kinds of opinions on the grammatical meanings of"le", which are the theory of completion and the theory of realization. The former is represented by Lv Shuxiang(1980) and the latter by Liu Xunning(1988).Lv Shuxiang and Zhu Dexi summarized its grammatical meaning as"the expression to show the appearance of new situation"on the whole, while Zhao Yuanren and Xiao Guozheng explained it from its respective meaning.â…¢."le"and its correlative patternsLv Shuxiang(1980) classified the patterns with"le"into seven categories and had a full description of its negative and interrogative structures. And more scholars explored its specific pattern involving the patterns of negative words plus"le", sentences with double"le", the dynamic structure with"le"and the structure of NP plus"le"and V plus"lai le"etc.â…£. The comparison of"le"and"guo"There exist both similarities and differences in the usage and the grammatical meaning of"le"and"guo". The former explores the phenomenon of their substitution, connection and exclusion and the latter discusses their grammatical meanings, the words which appear at the same time and the situation of the overlapping of verbs.