A Study On Developing The Questionnaire Of Media Literacy In The Senior Grades Of Primary School And Its Application

Objective: The study was to develop a questionnaire of media literacy in the senior grades of primary school ,to investigate their media literacy(ML), and to find out the influencing factors of ML.Methods: The study include two parts. The first one was the development of the media literacy questionnaire . The items of ML were collected by looking up literature, testing in a small group and valuing in the experts . 308 pupils were tested to examine the reliability and availability of the questionnaire. test-retested reliability and content validity were researched. The second one was the survey of ML. 949 pupils were investigated to know about the condition of ML in the senior grades of primary school and the influencing factors of ML.Results: (1)The questionnaire of media literacy in the senior grades of primary school (QMLSGPS) included five factors: media knowledge, the ability of accessing information, the ability of analyzing information, the ability of evaluating information and the ability of using information. The homogeneity reliability of each dimensions was between .50-.76, the homogeneity reliability of QMLSGPS was .73. The test-retest reliability of the whole questionnaire was .64. The expert's evaluation showed the questionnaire had a good content validity. The correlation of each dimension and the score of QMLSGPS was between .54-.66,and dimensions of each other was between .12-.43.So the questionnaire had a good structure validity.(2) The investigation showed, the mean score of QMLSGPS was 23.7. The ML of the senior grades of primary school had a significant difference in grade, but not in gender. Five and six grade's ML were significant higher than four grade's .(3)The ML of the senior grades of primary school had a significant difference in their parents educational background. The ML of the senior grades of primary school was best when their parents educational background was college or higher. The ML of the senior grades of primary school was worst when their parents educational background was pupil or lower.(4) The ML of the senior grades of primary school had no significant difference in watching TV time, but their ML had significant differences in reading time and surfing time. The pupils' ML of going net often was significantly higher than those pupils who never went net. The pupils' ML of reading more time was significantly higher than those pupils who read least time.(5)The ML of the senior grades of primary school had significant differences in conditions of watching TV together and discussing. The ML of the senior grades of primary school of watching TV with others was significant higher than the pupils of watching TV alone. The ML of the senior grades of primary school who often discussed with their parents was significant higher than those pupils who never discussed with their parents when they watched TV.Conclusions: (1)The questionnaire of media literacy in the senior grades of primary school included media knowledge, the ability of accessing information, the ability of analyzing information, the ability of evaluating information ,the ability of using information, and the questionnaire's reliability and validity were good.(2) The general level of the ML in the senior grades of primary school was much better than a moderate level. But it was not enough in the ability of using information.(3) The grade, the parent's educational background, the reading time, the surfing time , the conditions of watching TV together and discussing were important factors affecting the primary pupil's ML.Based on the preceding findings, some recommendations for media literacy education were offered to teachers, parents and governments.