Initial Study For The Education Of Classified Literacy Based On Rule Of Development Of Children's Congregation To Image Of Chinese Characters

Chinese character,one of the oldest written languages,is a writing symbol system used to record Chinese and has more 3000 years of history.As an ideogram,it broke through the limits in space and time and became a carrier for Chinese history and culture.Recently,the age of Chinese learners is getting younger while the amount number is getting bigger,companied with that leaning Chinese is getting popular.The problem,however,is that the research of teaching Chinese character stopped because of the difficulties in both side of learning and teaching.Conversely,as a crucial part of Chinese language,the importance of Chinese character in the whole process of Chinese language education became more obvious.Initially in the development of Chinese characters,pictographic prominent pictographic characters and some of the pointing words composed with pointing symbols came into stage.Subsequently,there's the index words derived from adding index symbols to the pictographic characters.Finally,pictographic characters as well as the combination of pictographic characters and pictographic characters were formed.In accordance with the analysis for high-frequency-characters in most commonly used Chinese characters as well as in materials for children of 3 to 6 years old,it is shown that the distribution of those characters has some property,which is that the first 200 high-frequency-characters are mainly single structural characters,while the others are mainly combined characters.Gradually,the proportion of pictographs and finger-pointing characters decreases,while the proportion of ideographs does not fluctuate much.Additionally,the proportion of pictographic characters gradually increases.Children's cognition of Chinese character form is staged: from picture to character,from whole to part,from stroke to component,and then to component combination.This research concluded the development of children's cognition to character during 3 to 6 years old.The conclusion is: children during 3 to 4 years old have better awareness to graph,they memorize one Chinese character as a picture that all parts of it compose a whole;children from 3 to 4 years old have their visual distinguishing ability developed and they can be aware of each stroke;among 5,children initially have the awareness for component,they are able to memorize a character by disassemble it into several parts;when grow to 6,children's awareness for space alignment develop strong that they can put locate each component to its specific position.The purpose of this research is to solve 3 problems: first,the principle for grading teaching characters to children;second,the amount and bank of characters in each stage;third,teaching method in each stage.In this research,the development of children's cognition to characters are classified into 3 stages.They are: stage of graph cognition;stage of component cognition;combination and position cognition stage.Additionally,300 high-frequency characters are analyzed.Teaching character can be divided into different methods.During the stage of graph cognition,we can use the tracing method to teach the pictographic characters with obvious pictographic characteristic.During stage of stroke cognition,we can mainly use the method of strokes to teach indicative character and ideographic character and phonogram which cannot be divided into components after evolution.During the stage of component cognition,we can use decomposing method and old-new switching method to teach indicative character which can be divided into 2 or more than 2 components.As for the stage of combination and position cognition,we can use the method of classifying indicative component and the method of fixing component's position to teach ideographic character which can be divided into components.In the end of this research,practical teaching activity is processed to provide reference and instructions for overseas Chinese character education.