A Study On The Sentence-Accomplishment Function Of Complements In Modern Chinese

The studies on sentence-accomplishment elements have given us more in-depth understanding of the sentence. And it also made the study of Chinese grammar more complete. This article describes the different types of complements of sentence-accomplishment. It focuses on the function of sentence- accomplishment of the complement as sentence-accomplishment element in modern Chinese. We think that different types of complements embodie three basic categories which are necessary to sentence-accomplishment. They are aspect category, quantity category and modality category. So, they have the function of sentence-accomplishment. And it makes the expression of verb complement structures becoming sentence.Result complement, the orientation complement and state complement play a role in aspect category in modern Chinese complements. Result complement means the result of action. Result means the starting or finishing of action. So result complement has meaning of perfective aspect. State complement means the description of state of impact which act works on object. The prerequisites of the description is that the action has been done, finished or that the state has occurred. So State complement belongs to aspect category in essence. The orientation complement supples and comples the orientation of changes of action or character. When the orientation complement has more meaning of emptiness, it has more meaning of aspect category too. The orientation complement which means direction not only reflects the spatial characteristics of the verb but also means the perfective aspect. The orientation complement which means result has the meaning of emptiness, and it expresses the meaning of completion of action indirectly. In the orientation complement which means dynamic meaning, the "qi lai (起来) " and other words mean inchoative. "xia qu (下去) " and other words mean continuous. "xia lai (下来) " and other words mean perfective aspect.In modern Chinese, some sentences not only need sentence-accomplishment element of aspect category but also need sentence-accomplishment element of quantity category. There are no predicate verbs sentences which take adjective as predicate, and no aspect category too. So quantity category is the necessary sentence-accomplishment category in these sentences. In quantity category, degree complement and quantitative complement play the role of sentence-accomplishment. Degree complement means the different grades of degree, in fact it is the different of "quantity". When quantitative accumulates to a certain extent, it gets to a qualitative change. And different degrees of change means the different levels or different boundaries. Degree complement made action or status measurable. Quantitative complement divides into momentum complement and time complement. Momentum complement espresses the frequency of action or change. Time complement expresses the continuance of action. They all have the function of sentence-accomplishment in quantity category. In addition, momentum complement also expresses the continuance of repeated action. Time complement expresses the continuing period of time of particular action. Therefore, momentum complement and time complement are also sentence-accomplishment element of continuous event. They have sentence-accomplishment function on aspect category.Possibility complement plays the role of sentence-accomplishment in modality categoriy. It expresses the subjective side in semantic structure and avoides many objective factors in sentence . Then, it gets the purpose of sentence-accomplishment.Different complement have different ability in sentence-accomplishment. Statecomplement and possibility complement have independent sentence-accomplishmentfunction. So their sentence-accomplishment ability is better than others. While, some othercomplements' sentence-accomplishment ability is inferior. With help of "liao (了) , zhe(着) , guo (过) ", they can have sentence-accomplishment function. They include result complement, orientation complement, degree complement and quantitative complement.