The Naturalness And Ought Of Being Within The Scope Of The Qi's Generation

The academic research had transferred during the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasty which Dai Zhen was living in. For the one hand, The quest of inner saint which was emphasized by the Neo-Confucianism became outer kingcraft; For the other hand,textual research became prevalent under the pressure of the Wenziyu. Dai Zhen's philosophy was constructed on the basis of criticising the Neo-Confucianism. And it was the product of the outer kingcraft trend of thought in Qing dynasty. Firstly, this thesis talks about the theory of "the generation of Qi is Dao". Secondly, it expounds the display of the positive nature in our lives. Thirdly, the thesis expresses the prospect of human value within the natural life background.The thesis is consisted of five parts.At first, the introduction to this thesis discusses the general studying situation of Dai Zhen's philosophy in academic circle. And then, it analyses Dai Zhen's background and academic thoughts. At the late of the Ming dynasty, the academic research had transferred from the questing of inner saint which was emphasized by the Neo-Confucianism to outer kingcraft. The scholars were suspecious of the negetive aspect of the Neo-Confucianism. Because of the government's high pressure on politics and culture in Qing dynasty, the scholars dedicated their energy and effort to textual research which was prevalent during that time.These were the precondition of Dai Zhen's philosophy.The first part of this thesis discusses the theory of "the generation of Qi is Dao".Within Dai Zhen's scope, Dao was the process of unceasing generation.It was not the supreme noumenon. Dai Zhen talked about the category of "Weizhi","Zhiwei","Xingershang","Xingerxia","Taiji"and "Liangyi" again. And then, Dai Zhen discussed the apparent variousness in the prospect of the new universe by "Fen Li".In his scope,"Li" was the difference between everything which was generated during the process of unceasing generation of Dao.And "Li"could be called"Fen Li".The unique meaning of "Fen Li" was in that it made the difference and the value of everything which was generated in the process of unceasing generation of Dao. Human being was the most peticuliar being. They were generated by Dao.Thus,everyone had desire when getting his life.So "Li"had another meaning which was called "the achievement of everyone's desire".The second part of this thesis talks about the display of the positive nature in our lives. Within Dai Zhen's scope, Yinyang and Wuxing gave desire and characters to everything which was generated by Dao. At the same time,the characters which were derived from Yinyang and Wuxing were holy. Scholars of Neo-Confucianism interpreted evil by Cai.On the contrary,Dai Zhen belived everyone's Cai was holy with the precondition that everybody's character was holy. He expounded evil by Xi which substituted "Qizhizhixing" which Scholars of Neo-Confucianism concentrated. And then, Dai Zhen denied the characteristic dualism.What's more, he denied the theory "character is Li".The third part of this thesis illustrates the prospect of human value within the natural life background. Dai Zhen believed that we should fulfill everyone's unique life and achieve the harmony of the whole society in the universe.Chengzhulixue and Luwangxinxue had difference in the way of being saint.But they were same where both of them believed that the character of human being were holy.Their way was to go back to the original.But Dai Zhen did not agree with them. He insisted that everyone make progress by asking and studying. He also thought human being's desire was natural and the fulfillment of everybody's desire was necessary.Natural desire and necessity could be existing in harmony. Then Dai Zhen discussed "Li" and he believed that "Li" could accommodate natural desire and necessity. Only by doing that could we achieve the harmony of the whole society. He argued against the debate between Li and desire.At the end of the thesis,the author make a conclusion and point out that Dai Zhen misunderstood the debate between Li and desire. And then the author analyse the reason why Dai Zhen did that.