The Study Of Comparison Between The Zhang Zai's Thought Of Humanism And Wang Fu-zhi's

Since the initiation of the third faction of history of philosophy of Ming and Qing dynasty by Zhang Dainian, namely, the Chi faction represented by Zhang Zai, Wang Tingxiang and Wang Fuzhi, people pay more attention to the thought of Chi. At the same time, the study of Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi increased as the time went, most scholars started paying close attention to their thoughts. Their views of human nature are strongly influenced by the thought of Chi, which have similarities in the theoretical basis of human nature, the essence of human nature, where the human nature goes and so on, but they have different definitions about the position of Chi, this leads to the obvious differences of their views of human nature. This paper started from the different definitions of Chi in their views of heaven, analyzed their similarities and differences in the theoretical basis of human nature, the essence of human nature and how the human nature formed, and through the comparison, we can understand their philosophic perspectives and where it goes more completely. First, Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi are thinkers lived in different times. Wang Fuzhi himself thought he done things from a practical point, but they have different life and academic background, which resulting the differences of their thought. Therefore, the analysis is indispensable of the academic and era background which affect their perspectives about human nature.Second, although both of them belong to the Chi faction, about the position of Chi, they have different definitions, which eventually become the theoretical basis of their different views of human nature. In Zhang Zai's philosophy, only Tai Xu has the position of heaven ontology, Chi is only a conception of cosmology.'the void', namely, Chi reflects the unity of ontology and cosmology, the unity of Ben Ran and Shi Ran in Zhang Zai's philosophy and View of Heaven, from the point of human nature, it is the unity of heaven and earth nature and quality nature. Wang Fuzhi equates Zhang Zai''the void'with Chi, and his Tai Xu is processed through Shi Ran procedure, simultaneously, his Chi is promoted through Ben Ran procedure. And he views Chi as the highest ontology of his philosophy, eventually establishes his philosophy of the theory of Chi. When apply his Chi to human nature, he proposes the views that human nature is generated gradually.Third, through the analysis of Zhang Zai'humanity, the humanity of universe, the humanity of temperament and Wang Fuzhi'humanity, quality nature which is generated gradually, we find their differences in the connotation of human nature, which is reflected in the following three aspects: First, both of them approve Shi Ran human nature, Zhang Zai's quality nature is a affirmation of Shi Ran human nature, Wang Fuzhi views Chi as human nature, this perspective is totally a consideration of human nature from the point of Shi Ran. Second, both of their perspectives are summaries of human nature in early Qing dynasty, but their absorptions have discrepancy. Third, regarding whether human nature is virtuous or evil, both of them think human nature is virtuous, but Wang Fuzhi's virture which dependent on the provisions of Dao is real and true virture, while Zhang Zai's virture of heaven and earth nature has original meaning.Finally, both Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi talk about the development of characteristics, namely, to become saints and to achieve the desired character, but they have discrepancy in how to obtain this object. In order to display it from practice, Zhang Zai's development of characteristics is based on the original nature of heaven and earth, and through own moral cultivation, it mainly shows the inward path. Wang Fuzhi's development of characteristics is based on the nature of quality and it is discussed through original facet. In order to let it point to or acquire the original virture as far as possible, he advocates through one's efforts. His respectives highlight the initiative of human nature, which is close to the actual opinions about the significance of life.