On Ontology And Heart-Nature Theory Of Wang Fuzhi’s Philosophy

"Philosophy is the essence of the spirits of its time." (Karl Max) So the only way to understand the spirits of the time of from Ming to Qing Dynasty of China which is a great creative thought time to comparable to the Spring and Autumn Period. Wang Fuzhi is the greatest philosopher and thinker in that time so that his philosophical thoughts are the best expression of the spirits of it. This paper studies on Wang Fuzhi’s philosophical thoughts which could supports a basic source material to understand the spirits of the time. As a philosopher, Wang Fuzhi is a critics and summarizer on Song-Ming Dynasty Confusion even concluding the whole tradition Chinese Philosophy. He is the last paramount of the tradition Chinese Philosophy for his great and broad-profound Confusion Philosophical Thoughts and maybe the first one of ex-modern Chinese Philosophy.Ten books which are his mature period works had been studied carefully and focusing on the conception and thesis one by one in order to get the integrated theory system. Analyses of those works reveals that Ontology, Heart-Nature Theory and Governance Theory are the three parts of Wang Fuzhi’s Philosophical Thoughts and the former two parts but the third has been supported in this paper. First, Wang Fuzhi’s Ontology, as the basic and the essence, like any other Philosophy, begins from the observation on the beings all over the world which is "Cai(才)”,and ends at the insight in the essence of the beings which is "Tao(道)”The "Cai(才)”is for "Use", So the "Use用)”is the essence of the "Cat", and they are the unity but the "Use" is the dynamic and the "Cai" is the static. Wang Fuzhi use the "Use" to say the essence of the beings, the "Cai" to say the beings. It is the "Use" that makes the "Tao" as the being as being. As the being as being, the "Tao" is made up of the "Qi(气)”which is the Subject and the "Li(理)”which is the Essence. The reason why the unity of the "Qi" and the "Li" can "Use" to be the "Tao" is the "Goa(神)”which is appeared as a personality as the God or as the final reason of the motive "Use". And the motive "Use" is "Generate" which is the essence of the whole Chinese Philosophy. All of those conceptions and thesis are created through the "Generate" and to say it finally. So the being as the being in Wang Fuzhi’s is not the "Substance" as "Form" in Aristoteles but the reason why "Generate", not something creates the world but the "Generate" itself. The final reason Wang Fuzhi’s Philosophy seek for about the beings is the running or performance not the perceptual vision in Aristoteles.Second, Heart-Natural theory is about the "Tao" of Humanity which focus on the life of human. The life of human depends on abiding to the "Tao" of Humanity which is ordered and conferred to human by the "Tao" of the "God". It is "Kungfu(工夫)”that is needed to do that, and the core of its content is "Self Cultivation修身)”And the key of the "Kungfu" of "Self Cultivation" is fulfilling your own nature and Humanity with your heart and body as much as you can. Five steps had been revealed to complete the progress to be the final human who is the perfect person called "Sheng(圣)”by Wang Fuzhi. The first step is expanding your Heart, and the second step is correcting your will on the "Li(理)”for human which is the nature of human called Humanity. The two could be summarized to be the fulfilling your heart and soul, and the next two steps could be summarized to be the fulfilling your Nature and Humanity which is needed in the moral practice base on our body. The first which is the third step is controlling your emotion with the Humanity flowing in your heart, soul and body, and the second which is the fourth step is following "Ren(仁)" steadily to act. Finally, in the five step one just need to follow "Ren" to act proficient to complete the progress to be a perfect person as a "Sheng".Based on these findings, the whole philosophical construction and system of Wang Fuzhi has been established, which is a completely creation in understanding and interpreting Wang Fuzhi’s Philosophical Thoughts in the dimension of the thought mode and value choose. I believe that this study supports a great first-hand material to reflect our Chinese Philosophy and culture tradition for the new and modern Chinese Philosophy and Culture creation.