Experiments And Researches Of Chinese Tonal Phonetics Among Pakistani Students

This thesis inspects the acoustic features and error performances of the tone of Pakistani students learning Chinese tones. It also specifically analyzes the reasons of error performances with some related linguistic theories, and makes some teaching suggestions and strategies for these error performances.Firstly, we take the method of spot check, drawing out 10 Pakistan student's pronunciation swatch as the object, making use of the Praat speech software to analyze, describe the monosyllabic tone and bisyllabic tone of F0 and duration by Pakistan students, and then comparing the F0 and duration with the relevant data of Mandarin as a standard to find out the acoustic errors and reasons when learning Chinese tones.There are five parts in the thesis:The first part is an introduction, which mainly introduces the reasons of present research, the significance of topics and related studies, research objects, methods and processes. The second part is the experimental analysis of Pakistan students acquiring single word tone. We start with observing the movements according to the fundamental frequency curve of pronouncing single word tone; and then make a tone pattern diagram by using normalized T value data, with the purpose of inspecting the main part of the distribution of the tone and confirming the pitch value, and comparing the tone pattern diagram with BeiJing dialect; finally we also observe the period-of-time of single word tone. The third part is the experimental analysis of Pakistani students' double words tone. We analyze the tonal shape of sixteen kinds of two-syllable word combination patterns; and then confirm the pitch value of that combination patterns,and study the situations of tone errors by comparing with tone-pattern and tone-value of Beijing language. The fourth part makes corresponding teaching strategies on the basis of analyzing the reasons of the errors. The fifth part is a conclusion, including the ultimate conclusion, the principal innovations and shortages of the thesis.The main results of this thesis are as follows:When learning monosyllabic tones, Pakistani students with intermediate level Chinese is almost right with the tonal shape of the third and fourth tone, while the tonal shape of the first and second tone is wrong. The whole tonal-field of Chinese four tones is a bit narrower. Of the tonal time-period, the second tone is slightly long and the fourth tone short. The situation of bisyllabic-tone pronunciation learning is worse than the monosyllabic-tone pronunciation, which shows Pakistani students still have some difficulties in mastering the combinantion of dynamic tones. What's more, the first, second and third tones are easily confused among Pakistani students, which is the key problem for them while acquiring Chinese bisyllabic-tone.