Research On Anti-Japanese Public Opinion Of Independent View From 1932 To 1937

On May,22th,1932, some modern intellectuals such as Hushi started publishing the magazine in Beijing. As a political review magazine, its ideology of "setting up a new society and rescuing the old society based on speech" was not only a means for the magazine to function as a "social radar", but also a goal and historic mission for it. Therefore, according to its proposals for both internal and foreign affairs in the articles published in 244 issues, always echoed the social thoughts of "saving the nation". During this course, the liberalists represented by Hushi not only carried out their responsibilities, which is leading social recognition as an opinion leader, as social elites, but also their inherent responsibilities---rising the flag of mass media, calling for the prosperity and restoration of the nation at the nation's crucial moment. The essay discusses the interaction betweeen media and public opinion from the perspective of moblization of public opinion in 4 chapters.The 1st chapter defines "public opinion" and "mass media on the war against Japan" to provide theorectical base and support. By choosing the authoritative outcome concerned with mass media, combined with actual situation, the article defines "public opinion" as "comprehension of opinions and suggestions published by modern intellectuals in "Independent Review". Then it further analyzes "mass media on the war against Japan" in terms of content and form. In terms of content, it mainly refers to mass media expression in internal and foreign affairs in "Independent Review", while in terms of form, it means "public space" built on the opinion platform by intellectuals.Chapter 2 is aimed to work out basic conditions of mobilization of "mass media on the war against Japan". From the perspective of mass media, it analyzes the elements of it:opinion leader, mass media, public opinion and suggestion environment. It points out that mobilization of mass media is the propagation process of interaction of the three elements. Futhermore, it analyzes the feature of Hushi as an opinion leader, the relationship between magazines of political review and social reform, and the historical domestic and oversea environment of China in 1930s, to figure out the actual background of Independent Review.By analyzing people's opinions on Japan, Chapter 3 also analyzed the opinions of Communist Party's and Kuomingtang's on Japan. As a politcial review magazine, Independent Review constucted and elicited nationalism during that crucial period. The essay also studies the echoing relationship between the opinion leaders and modern intellectuals and nationalism.Chapter 4 mainly examines the efforts made by the magazine for the construction of national politics and culture. As the country was invaded by enemies, the independent group represented by Hushi eagerly called for the reconstruction of social and political center. Mesuring different powers, because they hoped Kuomingtang to rebuild the center, they actively gave advice. Meanwhile, faced with belief crisis of conventional culture, the independent group devoted themselves to the checking and balancing of tradition and modernity, the east and the west.Independent View as a political criticism, from its unique viewpoint and incisive elaboration, had a wide influence on China's propagation and ideas in 1930s. Its standpoint constantly based upon the then important social, political and cultural issues and put forward valuable suggestions and reference to domestic and diplomatic affairs. To analyze its anti-Japanese criticism, from the viewpoint of propagation mobilization, is to emphasize Independent View's role as a medium in social and historical development and this shall be of supplement to relative academic research.