The Effect Of Delay And Target Preexposure On Pupils' Prospective Memory

Prospective memory is a very important type of memory and it means that people must remember to perform an intended activity at some designated point in the future. Prospective memory could have an effect on our life, study and work. After retrospective memory, it would be another hot question in remember research field.The most of informed researches were done in the lab and real life. There are few of researchers who put attention to the prospective memory in the instructional situation. Some researchers find that by target preexposure an individual could improve own prospective memory. Whether this improvement effect exists on any condition, there is not final conclusion.The current research is designed in the instructional situation and put attention to the effect of delay type and delay time on two kinds of prospective memory. The delay type includes the large consumption of cognitive resources and the small consumption of cognitive resources. The delay time is composed of four type of time, including one-minute, three-minute, five-minute and no delay. Besides, this research put attention to the effect of preexposure type on two kinds of prospective memory.The result shows that delay type, delay time and target preexposure could play different roles in the effect on two kinds of prospective memory:(1) In the delay type, the large consumption of cognitive resources has a bigger effect on event-based prospective memory than the small one. But the effect does not exist in the time-based prospective memory.(2) In the event-based prospective memory and time-based prospective memory, the difference between no delay and other delay time only exists in the large consumption of cognitive resources. If the consumption does not reach a certain level,with the passage of time the implementation intention could come into one's consciousness again. This will help us complete prospective memory.(3) The target preexposure would not improve the performance of prospective memory in any conditions. When there is a delay, no interference target preexposure could improve the performance of prospective memory to a certain extent, without obvious change. When there is a level of interference, the target preexposure does not improve the performance of prospective memory and interferes with the performance. When the delay consumes little cognitive resources, the interference will be obvious.