Study On The Frontier Wall Of The Area Inhabited By The Miao People In Western Hunan Province In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The Miao Territory in werstern Hunan lies in the border of Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan and Guizhou provinces.The area has fierce natural conditions and poor transtportation system.From Qin dynasty,the Miao Territory was congsidered as an"original territory"by the government.Untill the Ming and Qing dynasties, accompanying with the development of the southwest borderland of China, the Miao Territory transformed gradually from"original territory"to"developed territory".From Ming dynasty the Miao People of the Miao Territory rebelled constantly.In 276 years domination of the Ming dynasty,the Miao People rebelled over 30 times.Because the Ming Government wanted to rule the Miao Territory derectly,towords the Miao People rebellions the Ming Government often repressed by force ,but it didn't work.So the Ming Government had to change the"ruling"strategy to"defending"strategy.In the 5th year of the reign of Emperor Xuande, the command of the army Xiao Shou built 24 blockhouses from the Songtao country of Guizhou province to the Jishou town of Hunan province,in order to defend the Miao people's rebellions.But it didn't work either.In the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Jajing, after supressing the Miao People's rebellion, the Ming government incorporated the new Yuanzhou county and set the Governor of Tri—States,the Governor Zhang Yue changed the 24 blockhouses into 13 sentries.So the Ming gorvernment wanted to resort the Trinity Military Defending system inner by the Governor of Tri—States,the Prefecture Command for Patrol of Chenzhou and Yuanzhou county and the Canjiang,and 13sentries defending work outside,put the Miao Territory into the rigorous military defending system.Like the blockhouses,the sentries couldn't eliminate the rebellions of the Miao People.So in the years of the reign of Emperor Wanli,Cai Fuyi built a"Boundary Wall"in the Miao Territory.It is the beginning of building the Miao Territory"Boundary Wall".In the years of the reign of Emperor Tianqi,the officals added it and completed the Miao Territory"Boundary Wall"of the Ming dynasty .But the Miao Territory"Boundary Wall"was destroyed compeletly in the end of the reign of Emperor Chongzhen.It annouced the failure of the strategy which defended the Miao people by the Ming dynasty.In the Qing dynasty,the rebellions of the Miao People broke out from now and then.In those rebellions,the Miao Rebellion in Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods is the turning point of the Miao Territory.The Miao Rebellion in Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods lasted over two years,the Qing Government calmed down the rebellion ,but cost great money and labors.After the war,the government the Miao Territory reflected the gain and loss in aspect of the management of the Miao Territory,then initiated the local officals by Fu Nai as the leader to rebuild the Miao Territory"Boundary Wall". The Miao Territory"Boundary Wall"provided a new platform for the local and the central government to manage the Miao Territory ,so the Miao Territory welcomed in its new historic period.The article attended to comb the course of beginning,development and abandonment of the Miao Territory"Boundary Wall",and studied under the different social and historic setting to reflect some important aspects of social changing during the several hundred years of the Ming and Qing dynasties.The article study the case of"Boundary Wall"and analized the"Boundary Wall"problem which in the certain period and region,including"Boundary Wall"occurrence,performance,evolution and influence in some degree, which helps to grasp the geographical social features and historical development vein of this area.