Study On Implementation Of Prohibitory Regulations Of Miao Area In Western Of Hunan Province In Early And Middle Qing Dynasty

The prohibitory regulations of Miao area implemented in Miao areas of western of Hunan Province in early and middle Qing Dynasty is a reflection based on the whole nation and combined with certain regional and cultural characteristics.The reflection is a kind of management strategy which is suitable for the local custom,local conditions and the current condition in that period of time,and it aimed to sustain regional stability and the Qing regime.The strategy exerted certain functions in the special period of time.It promoted national integration and social progress,and it also promoted the historical development of Miao area to some extent although it had some negative influence.The implementation of prohibitory regulations of Miao area was based on the benefits of ruling class from very beginning to the end,and its perfection was based on the promotion of Qing governance.It was restrained by the regional features for all time although it was designed to be suitable for local custom and conditions.It is worthy of noticing that during Qing Dynasty's regime,the government took different management strategies that aimed at people in different areas of western of Hunan Province.The northern of western Hunan was regarded as mature Miao area,and the western of western Hunan was regarded as raw Miao area.The frontier isolation policy was continued from Ming Dynasty.As the northern of western Hunan is near the central plains region so it was highly adaptive to Han nationality and it was able to integrate with and submit to the central governance.In this way there was little controversy about this area's management.While for western of western Hunan,the controversy about Qing Dynasty's central governance was constant.This kind of controversy focused on whether there should be “interference” of the Miao area or not for all time.It existed during Emperor Yongzheng and Kangxi's policy of bureaucratization of native officers and probing the Miao area.It also existed when prohibitory regulations of Miao area was implemented without interference of the area during Emperor Qianlong's regime,as well as reforming Miao area during Emperor Jiaqing's regime.The problem that whether prohibitory regulations of Miao area ought to be implemented in western of western Hunan which is same as that in the north of western of Hunan Province was settled after a series of reform measurement such as settling the Miao people,identifying the border,setting burdens for people.The reform put up a set of different management strategies which were based on the whole nation and it was aimed at Miao people.So it succeeded in sustain regional stability and peace of western of Hunan Province although there existed some controversy about it.Therefore to sum up,the prohibitory regulations of Miao area of Qing Dynasty was constantly perfected as time goes by,but is was restrained by regional and cultural characteristics of the area itself.During the study,the author has given explanations to some key concepts such as Miao area in western of Hunan Province,uncivilized and civilized Miao people,prohibitory regulations of Miao area,customary laws of Miao nationality,time period of the study,etc.By studying the background,content,characteristics and effect of prohibitory regulations of Miao area in western Hunan Province in the early and middle Qing Dynasty,the author has found that the regional governance by the government,as a part of the state,always depended on the development trend of the dynasty.This has provided much experience to present government in governing regions and minority nationalities.Taking the prohibitory regulations of Miao area in western Hunan Province as an example,its implementation was based on the national decisions of the Qing Dynasty and closed related to the development trend and cultural difference of Miao nationality.Only when it complied with the times and the regional conditions did it play a positive role in promoting national development.Therefore,to ensure achievements in implementing regional autonomy in minority areas,we must formulate feasible policies based on local culture,nature and conditions.Only by sticking to the strategy of “conforming to their religion without changing their customs and unifying state decrees without changing their habits”,namely,governing based on local customs and conditions as well as appropriate timing,will local stability,national consolidation and social stability be achieved.This is what we have learned from this paper.In addition,the study on the prohibitory regulations of Miao nationality in western Hunan Province can help us better understand the Double Transitivity of its culture as well as the termination of its Tusi system,the abolishment of its yoke policy,the major uprisings of Miao people and the minority governance of the Qing Dynasty.At present,Miao nationality in western Hunan Province has entered a critical period of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation as required by Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.This study is thus useful for us to draw lessons from history and historically significant to the political,economic and cultural reform of Miao nationality in western Hunan Province.