Returning To The Real Life World

Basically, in western traditional philosophy, world is divided into two different and even opposite parts: transcendental world and real life world. The former is the focus of traditional philosophy. Real life world, in short, is a world that we live in, and it can be seen, felt and touched by us. On the contrary, transcendental world is a world that can not be perceived by us and it is beyond the real life world. In traditional philosophers'opinions, real life world makes people feel bad and disappointed due to its variation and uncertainty; while transcendental world makes people feel better represents happiness and Paradise. What's more, transcendental world dominates and controls the life world. Therefore,transcendental world was highly valued by philosophers.Fundamentally, transcendental world is the focus of traditional philosophy.Plato's ideas illustrate fully the feature of traditional philosophy. His ideas are transcendental beings and control the real life world. His idea is most famously captured in his allegory of the cave and sun as well as the divided line. But Hegel is different from the Plato. According to Hegel, similarly it may be held the highest and final aim of philosophic science to bring about, through the ascertainment of this harmony, a reconciliation of the self-conscious reason with the reason which is in the world in other words, with actuality.The significance of Marx's philosophical revolution lies in turning transcendental world into real life world by criticizing the Hegel's philosophy from the focus of philosophy.The real life world is full of alienation and exploitation .Alienation is a theoretical weapon to attack life world in the early stage of Marx's thought. He identifies four types of alienation from the current facts.(1) workers are alienated from their products; (2) human beings are alienated from their own labor; (3) workers are alienated from their species essence as a human being; (4) workers are alienated with each other. However, with the development of Marx's thought, alienation was abandoned by him and was replaced by exploitation as a weapon. In Marx's opinion, exploitation represents relationship between workers and capitalist, which is the focus of Capital. The Capital begins with commodity. Its analysis shows that it is, in reality, a very queer thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties. He recognized the two kinds of values of any commodity, use value and exchange value. After that, Marx probed profoundly the origin of currency and revealed the secret of currency, which is used to analyze capital. He made a distinction between money that is money only (A M A) and money that is capital(A M A ).There are not only different form of circulation but also different results of circulation. And the latter is more important. The money that is capital haves different start and finish, which is different from the money that is money only. More money(A -A) is withdrawn from circulation at the finish than was thrown into at the start, which shows money ends the movement only to begin it again. Marx examined the capital closer and stated that A -A is the surplus value by workers which is got free by capitalist, in other words, exploitation. The exploitation includes the production of absolute surplus value and production of relative surplus value.Accordingly, Marx proposes that proletarians unite in the leadership of communist forcible overthrow the ruling classes and all existing social conditions. What's more, the communists make proletarians free from dependence on material conditions.