On The Correspondence Of Transative And Intransitive Chinese Medial-Verb In Japanese And Korean Language

There are two kinds of standard which distinguish the intransitive verb and transitive verb. One kind is syntactic standard that is if there exists noun phrase along auxiliary word「を」before verbs in sentences. Another is morphological standard of the verbs which have the same stems but the endings are not the same such as'开く''开ける'.As to medial-verb, it is difficult to distinguish the intransitive or transitive verb just depending on the morphological standard. The morphology of Japanese Chinese verb「VNする」may be intransitive verb, transitive verb or medial-verb as the circumstances may require. Korean Chinese verbs come into being in the form of「(?)」「(?)」as transitive verbs and in the form of「(?)」「(?)」as intransitive verbs. That is to say, Chinese intransitive and transitive medial verbs of two languages are not completely corresponding relationship one to one. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to define clearly and analyze specifically the corresponding relationship between Chinese intransitive and transitive medial-verb of Japanese and Chinese verbs of Korean by practical modal sentences and the reason that such corresponding relationship happens. The object of the study is two Chinese characters which showed higher applied frequency. Medial-verbs selected from"学研国语大辞典""外国人のための汉字辞典""大同版日韩大辞典".The specific modal sentences selected fromCCTV news and Korean news(2000year-2010year) of Japan and Korea version. The surveying object is 122 words in all and 170 specific modal sentences in which there exists 13「する—(?)(transitive)」modals,47「する—(?)(transitive)」modals,57「する—(?)(intransitive)」modals and 53「する—(?)(intransitive)」modals.The surveying content of this paper mainly include the intransitive and transitive feature of Korean Chinese verbs and preceding Chinese character which corresponds to Japanese medial-verb「VNする」. Furthermore, it includes the feature of subject and object of transitive verb in context as well as the feature of subject of intransitive verb in context.The result of surveying is as follows.1.「する—(?)(transitive)」:The use of transitive verb appears in the form of「VNする」in Chinese medial—verbs of Japanese,from the meaning of which transitive feature has different degree of strength.The stronger transitive feature is,the more expressed causative feature is. On the contrary,the weaker transitive feature is,the nearer intransitive feature is.As to subject,it causes irretrievable changing of state to object or tends to affect greatly to the target(object).The typical example is'污染する'.2,「する—(?)(transitive)」:In Japanese,while the form of「VNする」expresses the transitive feature,the corresponding Korean is「—(?)」「—(?)」.The corresponding one with「—(?)」does not arise the object of action in context. In addition. it also can assume abstract function such as human being's thinking.3,「する—(?)(intransitive)」:Japanese Chinese medial—verbs as intransitive verb corresponds to Korean「—(?)」「—(?)」.The sentences which corresponds to「—(?)」may be divided two states,「actor acts as subject」and「object acts as subject」4,「する—(?)(intransitive)」:In the corresponding one「—(?)」the subject is lifeless object and no will,so it should be passive voice. In addition,the sentences which corresponds to「—(?)」appears in the form of being influenced from external factors.5,Look on the feature side of the preceding Chinese characters,the feature of preceding Chinese characters before Japanese Chinese medial—verb「する」can be divided into five types,「function and change」,「human activity---spirit」,「cognitive activity---action」,「have or no and appearance」,「others」and so on.6,Except for the feature of preceding Chinese characters before「する」,the features of subject and object also are major factors of corresponding relationship in transitive sentences.The subject of sentences which corresponds to「—(?)」is mainly「human being」and「specific things」.The object general ly has the feature of「human being or the part of human body」,「situation」,「place」,「specific things」,「natural phenomenon」and so on.The subject of sentences which corresponds to「—(?)」are mainly「human being」,「group」,「specific things(lifeless things)」,「specific things(living things)」,「abstract things」,「phenomenon」,「situation」and so on. The object generally has feature of「human being or the part of human body」,「specific things(lifeless things)」,「specific things(living things)」,「abstract things」,「situation」and so on.7,In intransitive sentences,the other factor which constitutes the corresponding relationship of two languages includes two kinds of situations.The sentences which corresponds to「—(?)(intransitive)」can be divided into subject as actor or target and the subjects of the sentences which corresponds to「—(?)(intransitive)」are no willing and no life things.These two situations also have great impact on the corresponding relationship.