Research On The Culture Of Judging A Man In The Spring And Autumn And Warring States Periods

"The culture of judging a man" is recognized as the theory and method of identification, the social and political situation, the standard evaluating talents, and ideological culture background reflected from this culture etc.. How to judge a man is a prominent cultural phenomenon in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, however, it didn't received much attention by scholars. The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods is the foundational period of this culture, studies on this culture is helpful to us researchers. It can not only help us to understand the "cultures of judging a man" in that period but also it will help us to better understand the developmental stages of this culture..Meanwhile studies on this culture in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods will contribute to a better understanding of the various social situations at that time.The method of how to judge a man is an important part of the culture of judging a man. That is the methos that the mentality, talent, character and destiny of the "judged" can be judged from the overt physical, mental, lingual characteristics. There were various methods of judging a man; based on the criteria of judging a man, the method of judging a man can be classified into three categories:anthroposophy, lingual and expression of activities, and comprehensive style.The thesis has made a thorough discussion about the techniques and methods of these three categories. The basic content and the characteristics of anthroposophy, the various perspectives on anthroposophy from various thinkers, the content and characteristics of the method of lingual and expression of activities, the changing standard and the period characteristics reflected from that are being discussed in present thesis.There were much practice of judging a man in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods; and there developed various theory about how to judge a man. The thesis has Summarised the main methods in the most important literature, in order to get a whole picture of the theory of judging a person at this time, a great effort has been made to incorporate theories of judging a man of other literature into the present study. A brief discussion about the relationship between theories of judging a man and Chinese medical theory and philosophy has also been made.From the above discussion, we can see the activeness of practice of judging a man; the rich content of for judging a man; the diversity of theories for judging a man. Obviously, the culture of judging a man in the Spring and Autumn and Warring states periods is prosperous and complicated. Through the rich cultural phenomenon, from a more broad and essence point of view, there developed two new theories for judging a man in that period besides anthroposophy: morality and intelligence. Being different from the somewhat mysterious physiognomy, both morality and intelligence are experiential and rational, which in its own way reflects the rational tendency in thinking world in the Spring and Autumn Warring period. However, judging people from physiognomy, morality and intelligence has constructed the basic judgment pattern for later generations in China, and it also had profound impacts on subsequent judgment culture and other social culture as well.