Effects Of Achievement Motivation And Different Risk Level

This study discuss how achievement motivation and probability influenced the external-framing effect and self-framing effect. Previous framing effect studies foucsed on how exterally framed choice problems affected risk preference and found the strength of framing effect was affected by some factors such as individual difference. Tversky said"The frame that a decision-maker adopts is controlled partly by the formulation of the problem and partly by the norms, habits, and personal characteristics of the decision-maker."But until now, little attention was given to how decision makers mentally frame decision problems themselves. Recently, Wang and others have explored self-framing via pie charts and found significant effects of self-framing of choice outcomes on risk preference of the decision maker. In the present studies, we addressed some unanswered questions. Is the individual difference in the external-framing effect same to in the self-framing effect? How achievement motivation, the important stably individual trait, influences imposition and subsequent processing of ambiguously, negatively or positively framed decision tasks is not clearly. We investigate effects of achievement motivation and probability on framing effect via two experiences.In study 1, we used a classic Asian disease problem, and the problem options are described in positive and negative frame. Study 2 utilized a Wang's self-framing procedure, and divided in the hedonic valence they self-imposed.Conclusion:(1) Not only external-framing but also self-framing has influence on risk preference.(2) Whether in the external-framing or in the self-framing, risk level has influence on risk preference. With risk level rising, risk seeking decreases in the external-framing and risk aversion decreases in self-framing.(3) In the external-framing, achievement motivation has influence on risk preference, and the risk preference level of decision-makers who have high achievement motivation is higher than those whose achievement motivation are low. But in the self-framing, the achievement motivation has not influence on risk preference.(4) There are no effects of achievement motivation and different risk level on external-framing effect. Under different risk level, there is object-framing effect in the decision-makers of different achievement motivation.(5) There are effects of achievement motivation and different risk level on self-framing effect. Under high risk level, there is self-framing effect in the decision-makers of high achievement motivation but not in the decision-makers of low achievement motivation. And however under medium or low risk level, there is no self-framing effect in the decision-makers of either high achievement motivation or low achievement motivation.