Study On The Characteristics Of Depressed Individuals' Inhibition Of Attention Bias By Rumination And Distraction

Depression is one of the most important and commonly occurred mental disorders. Depressive disorder decreased patients'quality of life and social function. It has become the fourth largest of threat to human health.Numerous studies show that depressed individuals have the bias of negative attention process, which plays an important role in the incidence and maintenance of depression. In other words, the depressed individuals have enhanced the selective process of negative information and failed in inhibiting negative stimuli, so it leads the negative stimuli to be processed firstly and magnified, which would cause to increase susceptibility and the maintenance and development of depression. This is the facilitation and inhibiting effect theory in depression. At the same time, studies have found that depression was mediated by the rumination and distraction. That is rumination increased depression, and distraction may help alleviate depression. Some scholars have studied both on rumination and distraction with negative attention processing bias. They found rumination induced is closely related to attention level of the maintaining negative information and depressed individuals own a high level of rumination. Further study found the influence of rumination and distraction on attention bias is not obvious. However, present studies have been processed from the aspect of facilitation.Then,what are depressed individuals'characteristics of inhibition of attention bias by rumination and distraction? Therefore, this study investigates depressed individuals'characteristics of inhibition of attention bias by rumination and distraction from the aspect of attention inhibiting with Beke Depression Inventory (BDI) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Eligible participants are filtered, the never-disordered ones and depressed ones. Depressed patients are filtered from hospital out patients, Using China diagnostic criteria of mental disorder-3(CCMD-3) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) filter. Patients are respectively intrigued by rumination and distraction task, and then distracter inhibition, inhibition of return and interference inhibition were studied by using negative priming task, cue-target task and Stroop task. After studying depressed individuals'attention inhibition intrigued by rumination and distraction (distracter inhibition, inhibition of return and interference inhibition), the conclusions can be attained as follows:1. In negative priming task, rumination inducing did not increase the excessive facilitation and decrease the distracter inhibition for sad faces stimuli. That is inhibition of distraction of depressed individuals was not influenced by rumination inducing.2. In negative priming task, distraction inducing increased the excessive facilitation and decreased the distracter inhibition of clinical depressed individuals for happy faces stimuli.3. In the cue-target task, under rumination inducing, MDD had IOR effects for angry faces and sad faces when the SOA (stimulus onset asynchronies,SOA) was 14ms, but IOR effects of MDD was much higher than other two groups. When the SOA was 250ms, MDD had cue effects for sad faces. Among the cue effects of three groups for sad faces, the effect of MDD was much higher than other two groups. When the SOA was 750ms, the MDD had cue effect for sad faces, and the effect of MDD was much higher than other two groups. That is IOR of depressed individuals was not influenced by rumination inducing.4. In the cue-target task, distraction inducing decreased IOR effects and increased IOR abilities of clinical depressed individuals for bad faces stimuli when the SOA was 14ms; distraction inducing increased cue effects for happy faces when the SOA was 250ms; distraction inducing decreased cue effects for happy faces when the SOA was 750ms. That is distraction inducing increased IOR abilities of clinical depressed individuals for bad faces stimuli and excessive facilitation effects for happy faces stimuli, and decreased excessive facilitation effects for sad faces.5. In Stroop task, under rumination inducing, the"depressed"participants had deficient interference inhibition for supraliminal positive faces and subliminal negative faces, and MDD had deficient interference inhibition for supraliminal negative faces. Depressed patients of rumination inducing interference inhibition effects had not significant difference between negative faces and distraction inducing, which shows that rumination inducing did not decrease interference inhibition ability for sad faces stimuli. That is interference inhibition of depressed individuals was not obviously influenced by rumination inducing.6. In Stroop task, under distraction inducing, the"depressed"participants had deficient interference inhibition for supraliminal positive faces, and MDD had deficient interference inhibition for supraliminal negative faces and supraliminal positive faces, And supraliminal positive faces interference inhibition is higer than induced rumination,which shows that distraction inducing increased interference inhibition and decreased interference inhibition ability of clinical depressed individuals for happy faces.