Commercial Activities And Evolution Of Town In Amdo Tibetan Region In Qing Dynasty

Amdo Tibetan region is one of the three major Tibetan regions in China. There are many mountains and rivers, which form a unique landscape. From thousands of years, Amdo Tibetan region is regarding as an old haunt at western of minority Qiang and Tibetan. In this region many minorities assembled and moved time and time again, which left a deep impression in the passage of time. As geographic environment, it separates Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Loess plateau and forms one boundary of agriculture and nomad. This line becomes migration corridors and passage of Hehuang Minzu along with the river's flow.From the beginning of Han dynasty, under the impulsion of politics and military, the first people were settled down here and this wave of migration lasted thousands of years. From Ming and Qing dynasty, owing to establish the system of Weisuo and expansion of farmland, this line of agriculture and stockbreeding was more and more clear. At the same time, the Mongolians who have ran away to north after Ming dynasty built up, they have gathered in this area and have fought with Tibetan due to dispute of different sects in Tibetan Buddhism. In the early days of Qing dynasty, especially after suppress the disturbance of Weitela Mongolian, the Qing Empire controlled the situation efficiently and made this area put in order through paying tribute and official tea-horse trade, as well as to authorize the upper strata in Mongolian and Tibetan. By these methods it gave peace and stability to the Qing Empire.During the domination of Yongzheng and Qianlong, official tea-horse trade waved from time to time between prosperity and decay. Therefore, national non-governmental trade was stimulated in Amdo Tibetan region. The commercial groups were consisting of several minorities, besides the Shanxi and Shanxi commercial group; there were muslin commercial groups who were important backbone in national non-governmental trade. With the commercial prosperity, many towns were developed and keep one harmony relationship among the minorities. However, this good commercial situation gradually declined as the result of the decay of Qing Empire in her last years.By means of the history of Amdo Tibetan region, it presents the movement of migration of some minorities and the development of town thanks to prosperity of trade in the beginning of Qing dynasty. What's more, Amdo Tibetan region that own so many treasures, only under scientific socialism can she show her popular, her vigor and will keep continual prosperity.