From The Government-dominated To The Government-guided

I believe that the U.S.A. and Japan governments made different functions and played different roles in different periods of tourism development, and the successful changes led the travel industry of the two countries enjoy sound and sustained growth.A dominated, active and direct method was adopted to support the formation and development of tourism in the early days by the U.S.A. and Japan governments. However, as the travel industry's structure was made, the objective situations that cause the government to play a dominated role in developing tourism died away gradually, and a great deal of problems occurred inside the travel industry itself, too. Coping with those difficult, the U.S.A. and Japan governments readjusted their functions, and use guided, legal and indirect methods to push the travel industry forward. This transformation led the tourism of the two countries to hop continuously, and made them become tourism giants in the world.China's travel industry is now in the similar transformation situation, the successful experience from American and Japanesegovernments is believed to give some enlightenment to assure the sound and smooth development of China's travel industry.This paper consists of four parts.Part one: The reason why to chose this topic, why to chose the U.S.A. and Japan governments as my studying objects, time scope, concepts, ma jor research methods and breakthroughs of this paper are introduced in this part.Part two: Modern tourism stepped its real start period afterthe World War II . In accordance with the strong dependence of thetravel industry, the governments of the U.S.A and Japan adopted the government-dominated strategy during the initial time of the travel industry, includes setting up national tourism organization, constructing the microcosmic regulation system and basic legal system, participating directly in the planning and construction of the tourism infrastructure, market research and product promotion, and providing financial support to the industry. Benefiting from the government-dominated strategy, the travel industry in the U.S.A and Japan were shaped in an independent form and became larger.Part three: In 1970s, since the construction of tourism infrastructure was generally completed, and tourism administration system, marketing system and legal system were basically shaped, and Keynesianism was declined, the objective situations on which the government-dominated strategy was initialed have changed greatly. At the same time, a series of problems including monopoly have appeared inside the travel industry.Facing those new problems and new situations, the governments of the U.S.A. and Japan modified the functions of the government,transformed the government-dominated into the government-guided. The context embodied that increasing the number of travel agency to easy the monopoly situation, using legal behaviors and other indirect ways instead of direct administrative behaviors to run and regulate the travel industry, running the railway by private capital to strengthening the vitality of tourism-related industries. The timely modification of tourism developing strategy by the U.S.A. and Japan governments caused the sustained and sound growth in the travel industry.Part four: The successful changes of the government's function of the U.S.A. and Japan governments in the course of developing tourism enlightened us greatly. Changing concepts and managing methods in time in accordance with diverse situations enable us to adapt to the major current of the tourism development.