The Debate Of Efficiency And Fairness And The Policy Inspiration

Starting from the stand, viewpoint and method of historical materialism, and observing from the new angle of macroscopic geopolitics, namely, geopolitics of the entire world, this paper deals with the U.S.-Vietnam geopolitics and U.S.-Vietnam relations. With more reasonable eyesight, it explores and discusses the U.S. policy in the period when the United States of America interfered in and launched war against Vietnam, as well as the countermeasures taken by Vietnam.The paper consists of the following 4 parts:Major contents of Part One include the origin and evolution of geopolitics, while focus is laid on discussing the "marine rights theory" claimed by Alfred Thayer Mahan , the "land rights theory" put forward by Halford John Mackinder and the "marginal zone theory" proposed by Nicholas J. Spykman, all of which had exerted far-reaching influences on the U.S. administration in making its realistic diplomatic policies.In Part Two, the paper expounds the geopolitics strategies respectively adopted by the United States and Vietnam in the 1949-1954 period. Discussions are made on the U.S. geopolitics strategy and the status of Vietnam in the U.S. geopolitics strategy. Analysis shows that national benefits had consisted the basic motivation for behaviors of the United States when dealing with foreign-related issues, while discussion is made on the U.S. tactics for materializing its national benefits. This part also illustrates the geopolitics characteristics of Vietnam, as well as its geopolitics-oriented choice when confronted with aggression and its nation faced crisis.The first section of Part Three discusses the status of Vietnam in the U.S. geopolitics strategy in the subsequent 1954-1960 period, and shows that guided by the Domino Theory, the United States chose to substitute France to interfere in Vietnamese internal affairs. After that, the paper lists the Vietnamese countermeasures in the face of U.S. interference.In Part Four, the paper first reviews the breakout of the Vietnamese War and its tragic origins. Having been stuck in the quagmire of the Vietnamese War that cost America dearly, President Nixon, who just took up office, had to re-adjust the U.S. geopolitics strategy and exercised his strategic shrinking policy. Then, the paper illustrated changes of Vietnam's geopolitics strategy.When drafting its geopolitics strategy, the United States of America had miserably chosen to set its boundary line in Vietnam, which was a country desperately seeking for independence, freedom and happiness, it follows that after the United States substituted France and stepped into Vietnam, the U.S.-Vietnam relation could only be one between interference and counter-interference, and one between aggression and anti-aggression.