Changes And Effects Of Policies Of Hunan's "Sannong" Modernization

The "Sannong" (agriculture, countryside, peasant) issue is of great significance for developing economy and society in China. The period of the "Great Leap Forward" and the Regulation of the National Economy is undoubtedly of very special importance in the process of the "Sannong" modernization. Hunan is a typical agricultural province with vast rural territory and a very large peasant population. So studying the changes and effects of policies of Hunan' s "Sannong" modernization in the stage (1968-1965) has great theoretical and practical significance. The text is to make a systematical recollection about it.The main content of the text is as follows.The introduction clarifies the reason of writing this paper and concepts mentioned.Part one briefs the general situation of developing "Sannong" in the Transitional Period in Hunan. During this term two major changes of the rural land system had involved the Land Reform and Cooperative Movement of Agriculture, giving indispensable system guarantee and mass basis for advancing socialist "Sannong" modernization.Part two probes into the changes and effects of policies of Hunan's "Sannong" modernization in the phase of the "Great Leap Forward". In this period, the polices of Hunan' s "Sannong" modernization turbulently experienced the agricultural "Great Leap Forward", drive for organizing People's Commune in countryside, initial correction of the "Left", continuous Leap Forward, escalation of the system of ownership. Owing to faults of cardinal guiding ideology and concrete measures, Hunan's "Sannong" modernization eventually faced an impasse: agricultural products drastically decreased; the rural societywas very upheaval; the living standards of peasant came down year by year.Part three approaches the changes and effects of policies of the Hunan's "Sannong" modernization in the period of the Regulation of National Economy. The regulation of economic policies in the earlier stage mostly aimed at reforming the system of People's Commune; the regulation of political policies in the later period mainly included the launch of the Movement of Socialist Education in the countryside. The former produced short-term positive effects, making overall state of Hunan's "Sannong" recover to the level of 1957; the latter produced long-term negative influences, seriously impeding the development of Hunan' s "Sannong" modernization.Part four summarizes the main features of the changes and effects of policies of Hunan's "Sannong" modernization in the period of the "Great Leap Forward" and the Regulation of the National Economy, gives them an initial evaluation and expounds their great enlightening significance.