On Several Relative Problems About The Marxist Labor Value Theory From The Perspective Of The New Times

In the "7·1" speech for the celebration of the 80th birthday of the CPC, General Secretary Jiang Zemin claimed to develop the Marxist Labor Value Theory in the new situations. The basic reason for this requirement is that being compared with the era of Marx, our practical circumstance have being changed and some new problems and situation have occur. In answer to this claim, this thesis offers four new ideas on the Labor Value Theory on the heated discussions of it in the theoretical circles.First, nowadays there are some new character of labor which create value: the rapid development of science and technology makes intellectual labor have special force of origination in economical development; the perfect modern enterprise systems makes management labor have efficient force of organization in economy life; the rapid of the third business makes service labor be more and more important in the process of creating value.Second, the price determining is the key step in the commodity exchange. The price of commodity is determined both by labor time spent in the production (i.e. value)and by the buyer' evaluation of the use value(i. e. utility). Therefore, only when the ceiling price that is based on the evaluation of utility is higher than the floor price that is based on the recovery of the costs, can be the exchange possible. Through the exchange, the producer get producers' surplus and the buyers get consumer' surplus. In socialism, laborers certainly sell their labor force as commodity. Thus, buying and selling of labor force can also bring economic surplus to both sides of trade.Third, except of labor, although the other production factors do not create value, they play important roles in process of creating value: Capital is the initial motive force and acceptor of risk of value-creation: production material is the value carriers and media of value transmission in the course of value creation: knowledgeand technology improve the efficiency of the substantial factors in the process of internalization, which makes value-creation and property-production be more efficient; management is a good coordinator of inner and outside relationships which makes the other factors of production yield better.Fourth, value-distribution is a matter of distribution of income, and it includes the distribution of use value and value. Here, value distribution should be defined the distribution of economy surplus. Value distribution depends on ownership of means of production rather than the creation of value. In our country, the ownership structure in which state-ownership, the main part, coexists with diversified economic elements determines the distribution structure in which distribution according to work, the main means coexists diversified means. Besides, the other factors except labor force participate the value distribution because they play important role in value-creation. The 16th party' s congress clearly posed that production factors participate the income distribution according to their contribution. In order to carry out this principle, it gave the direction that "efficiency should be emphasized in the initial distribution and fairness should be emphasized in the second distribution". All is new contribution to the theory of income distribution.