| In the recent ten years, the development of economy of the countries worldwide has shown that the small- and medium-sized enterprises have played an active role in promoting the sound development of the economy, enlarging the employment, fostering the advancement of the technology, developing the international trade and enhancing the vitality of the market. However, in the process of the development of the small- and medium-sized enterprises, they has been restrained by the financing that has reined in the enlargement of production scale, promoting the technology level, developing new products and exploiting the new market. Because of the shortage of "Blood", a lot of the small- and medium-sized enterprises have been immersed in a vicious cycle, that is, they can't get the funds for the operation and development with the bad performance of the operation, and in turn being short of sufficient funds leads to the lower benefits. The restraints of financing have a severe impact on the subsistence and development of the small- and medium-sized enterprises. It is a problem that exits in the countries worldwide. It not only causes the sweeping concerns in the theoretical circles, but also the countries and the regional governments in the world actively explore the methods to solve it at the practical level.Up to now, they have accumulated much precious experience. Among the developed countries, Japan has the most small- and medium-sized enterprises, and is the country that achieves most success in playing role in supporting the development of the small- and medium-sized enterprises. Especially, the finance support for political considerations is most remarkable.The countries and regions, for example, Japan, choose the finance support for political considerations as the core of policies towards small- and medium-sized enterprises on the base of the following two aspects: on the one hand, the small- and medium-sized enterprises have been persecuted by the shortage of funds that is the core problem. The reason is that most of the small- and medium-sized enterprises set up and invested by the individual funds and the limited scale of the funds leads to the inherent shortage of the support of the funds. At the same time, the commercial banks refuse to provide the small- and medium-sized enterprises with small funds, big operational risks and high-cost of loan because of "asymmetry of the information" and "risks of morality". In addition, the direct financing needs an enterprise with good credit to guarantee, which also hinders the channel of the direct financing. For the above-mentioned factors, the small- and medium-sized enterprises are facing the great loopholes of the financing. On the other hand, given the fundamental principles of the operations of the market economy, the government is very cautious about applying the economic or administrative mechanisms. Instead of too much direct intervene of the government, which spoils the efficiency of the operations of the market and hinders the equal competition among a variety of the economic main bodies, the government makes up for the loopholes of funds by instituting the finance system for the political considerations, which can not only minimize spoiling the efficiency of the market, but also better reflect the appropriate intervene of the government in the market economy and perfectly supply the necessary public products needed by the operations of the market economy. The experience is worthy of our study and reference. The article makes an attempt to analyze the reasons of restraints of the financing of the small- and medium-sized enterprises with the analysis method of supply and demand of the western economics and the related principles of the information economics, which puts emphasis on the study of the methods and experience in solving the problem, that is, restraints of the financing of the small- and medium-sized enterprises, and puts forward some inspirations for us.The main contents of the article include five parts:First... |
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