The Theory And Practice Of Situational Crime Prevention

Situational crime prevention theory suggests that situational factors have contributed to specific forms of crime, advocated the adoption of specific control and change the environment to reduce opportunities for crime which in turn lead to crime prevention purposes. Situational crime prevention theory pursue eliminating the offender's criminal tendencies not through the social and institutional change but through making criminal acts no longer tempting to crime as far as possible. The focus is no longer a criminal justice system, but a series of public and private organizations and institutions where a lot of crime opportunities produce, such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, parking lots etc. Specific measures of situational prevention appears before situational prevention theories, such as installing the electronic monitoring device in subway,shopping malls and other public places, the phone caller ID, drug and alcohol controlling measures are specific means of situational prevention and before the formation of the theory, they have already achieve a good crime prevention effect in practice. Implementation of these measures are mostly private acts, either a response to crime after deeply troubled by them, or a way to emulate the successful in order to avoid interference.Situational prevention theory is based on the reflection of the traditional theory of crime, it gives up the focus of the causes of crime, instead, it faces specific forms of crime in a utilitarian and pragmatic attitude, the crime prevention ideas and concrete measures are very different from traditional preventive measures. Produced in the 20th century,60 years, the situational prevention theory develops in theory and achieves success in practice, which has become a new force of crime prevention other than the traditional justice prevention and social prevention.This paper attempts to get a overall grasp of situational prevention, analyzing the challenge facing the theory, and try to show the practical value of the theory impersonally, at last reaching its positive significance of crime prevention for contemporary China.This paper falls into four chapters as follows:The first chapter is about the origin of situational prevention theories. In this section, the paper first summarizes the two traditional modes of crime prevention, and then analyzes their springboards of crime control strategy, and points out two kinds of wrong understanding which made situational prevention theory be ignored for a long time, and then elaborates the birth process and the theoretical basis of situational prevention theories.Chapterâ…¡is about the theoretical framework of situational prevention. First of all, the paper introduces the definition of situational crime prevention given by Ronald Clark, then analyzes the basis for situational prevention theories-rational choice theory and behavior theory, and then display the framework explained by the situational crime prevention theory and a series of specific strategies of situational prevention.Chapterâ…¢is about the policy and practice value of situational prevention theory, and the challenges it encountered in the development process. The paper tries to give an objective analysis and evaluation on the situational prevention theory.Basis in the first three chapters, the fourth chapter point out the positive significance of the situational prevention theory to our current crime prevention, and connect it with China's current social security comprehensive management which is vigorously promoted now. Then evaluate the situational prevention effect of China's current social security comprehensive management.