A Study On The People's Democratic Party Of Afghanistan

The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was established in January 1,1965. In its party platform and constitution published in secret, said that the party's mission is "the establishment of a socialist country under the creative use of the universal law of Marxism-Leninism and the revolution with the multi-ethnic society in Afghanistan", adding that the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is "the vanguard of the working class and the highest form of political organization of the working class".The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan advocated socialist system.The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan overthrew the regime of Daoud in 1978, established of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, which was dissolved in 1992. The party's leaders were Taraki, Amin, Karmal and Najibullah. This paper will review the history from the establishment of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan to its dissolution, to help more people know the influence of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan in the modern history of Afghanistan, summing up its gains and losses in the process of being in power.This dissertation is composed of three parts. The introduction reviews the studies nowadays on the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and shows the object of this study the purpose, meaning of this research, the content, method and key problem planned to solve studied, considerable issues and the toughest questions, etc. The conclusion makes summaries and analysis of the whole dissertation to deepen the subject of the study. The main body contains four chapters.The first chapter discusses the establishment of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. It discusses the changes of economic and social class structure in Afghanistan, mainly from the first ruling of Daoud during 1953-1963, the decade "constitutional" situation of Mohammed Zahir Shah, and the ruling again of Daoud in 1973, expounding comprehensively the social background under which the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan established. The establishment of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan marked a period of intense political struggle in Afghanistan. Shortly after, a conflict for the leadership took place between Khalq led by Taraki and Parcham led by Karmal, which has seriously undermined the process of democratization of society in Afghanistan.The second chapter discusses the development of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan before and after "the Saur (April) revolution". During 1967-1977, the division and fusion between Khalq and Parcham occurred, on and off. On April 27, 1978 the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan launched a military coup and took power. Taraki government subsequently announced to the nation Afghanistan's new government's domestic and foreign policy (ie 30 programs). On foreign policy, Taraki government announced the "good-neighborly and friendly relations to all countries." In September 1979, Amin staged a coup, removed the Taraki, and took the post of the party's General Secretary and Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee. Amin eased the stance in foreign relations, but implemented radical policies in domestic affairs, which further deteriorated the situation in Afghanistan.The third chapter discusses the development of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan during the period of Karmal and Najibullah. With the fear of religious radicalism threatening the Central Asia, and the operating results of many years destroyed in Afghanistan, the Soviet formally invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Karmal regime came to power, replacing Amin regime. Karmal regime adopted a series of moderate measures, but with little success. In May 1986, Najibullah replaced Karmal as the new general secretary. Najibullah proposed a national reconciliation program in the country, but was strongly resisted by the resistance. On Februaryl5,1989, Soviet troops completely withdrew from Afghanistan, but Najibullah regime still held the power solidly for three years. On April 16,1992, Najibullah stepped down, after that, the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was dissolved.The fourth chapter discusses the significance that be in office and lessons that the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan lost political power. After the founding of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, the party started a movement for freedom and liberation.Although it was failed at last, its practice was of great historical importance in modern Afghanistan's history. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was dissolved, but we can gain lots of experiences and lessons from its history.