The Research On The Theory Of Hayek's Spontaneous Order

F.A.Hayek (1899-1992) was among the most important economists and political philosophers of the twentieth century. His studies has always centered about the spontaneous order in human society, he thought that the task of the social theory is reconstruction of spontaneous order in the society, which means it is the key concept in his whole social theory.Spontaneous order is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos; the emergence of various kinds of social order from a combination of self-interested individuals who are not intentionally trying to create order through planning. In the words of Adam Ferguson, it is the"products of human action, but not human design". For Hayek, this concept was central to his critique of"scientism"or the belief that human beings could control and manipulate the social world with the methods of the natural sciences. Hayek's spontaneous order provided a framework for seeing that social institutions not only could emerge without human design, but that they worked better when they did so. In the wake of Hayek's work, the concept of spontaneous order has been applied to a variety of phenomena, both in and out of economics.According to Hayek, a spontaneous order is superior for two reasons. First, it is the only order that guarantees individual liberty because a planned order necessarily leads to ever more planning and ultimately to the total abolition of individual freedom. second, because no planner will ever possess all the information necessary to take the right decisions. Information is dispersed among individuals. Therefore, by definition, a planner when making a decision will disregard all the facts of which he is not aware. Hayek spoke of the"incurable ignorance of everyone. Therefore, Hayek objected all the thoughts which wanted to construct the social institutions, especially the"Constructivist rationalism".