Development Model, Integrated Evaluation And Countermeasures Of Eco-city In Chongqing

The eco-city is a composite ecosystem constructed by human in which harmonious nature and civilized society and efficient economy can develop sustainably, using diversified traditional and modern technology on the principle of ecology and urban ecology within the limits of environmental load capacity. The construction of eco-city can optimize efficiently urban resident habitation, advance roundly quality of resident living, and solve the city problem. At present, eco-city has become the direction of either domestic or overseas city.Garden city is put forward for the direction of Chongqing in 1997, which promotes the construction of Chongqing city in the past several years. However, garden city is the only elementary form of eco-city. It is just the short-term direction of Chongqing city. Presently, the long-term development target and model of Chongqing are lack of in-depth discussion.Systems analysis, statistic analysis, comparative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are used associatively in this paper. The building of garden city of Chongqing is summarized as the basis of this paper. Eco-city is put forward for the final development target of Chongqing. The model and contents of Chongqing eco-city are discussed. The integrated evaluating indices system of eco-city is set up, which is used to appraise the development level of Chongqing city in 1998-2003.Finally, this paper brings forward some countermeasures for the construction of eco-city. The conclusions are carried out as follows:(1) Results of urban system analysis of Chongqing: The advantageous factors of eco-city building include situation, tourism resources, climate resources, steady industrial foundation, economical running condition, zooming construction, lower natural growth rate, elevated conditions and standard of people's living, advanced science and technology, and so on. The disadvantageous factors include lower efficiency of water resources using, serious environment pollution, lopsided regional economy development, lower gross economy, excessive agriculture population, lower quality of population, feeble ecological consciousness.(2) The development model of Chongqing eco-city is "Resource-Economy-Culture" Composite Eco-city. Using the advantage of "Shan" and "Shui" in Chongqing, on the base of garden city, thereasonable urban spatial structure is designed. In order to realize the modern, civilized, exquisite eco-city in which nature, society and economy can develop in phase, where people and nature coexist harmoniously, Chongqing must mobilize any power to construct ecological security, ecological sanitation, ecological industry, ecological landscape and ecological culture.(3) The scope of Chongqing eco-city is the 40 districts (counties, cities) . The contents of building eco-city comprise:①Ecological security. To improve the environment quality and to stabilize population growth are the main tasks of the advanced economic sphere. The ecological economic zone in Three Gorges Reservoir area basically protect environment and construct zoology. And the assignment of economic corridor in west Chongqing is to protect and harness water resources.②Ecological sanitation: Spreading the technology of ecological water closet step by step and setting up community ecological rotative stations.③Ecological industry: Energetically developing ecological agriculture, the point of foothill in west Chongqing is to grow dry eco-agriculture, the point of suburb is suburban cco-agriculture, the Three Gorges Reservoir area along the Changjiang River should give priority to the efficient eco-agriculture characterized by foodstuff and oil crops, aquiculture, forestry and pomiculture, the southeast of Chongqing is to develop eco-stockbreeding, herbal medicine and forestry. The system of Ecological industry is constructed by pushing cleaner production and setting up eco-industrial park. To realize ecological tertiary industry, the concept of developmental consumption must be built up, in addition, pushing functional economy and promoting eco-tourism.④Ecological landscape: The ecological landscape planning should be put up firstly to optimize the structure and course of landscape. In this way, the negative influence of economy development on the environment can be lightened.⑤Ecological culture: Ecological culture is constructed by establishing civilized regulations, by strengthening ecological education, and by building ecological architecture and uptown.There are elementary phase (before 2015), growing phase (2015-2030), advanced phase (after 2030) of Chongqing eco-city the construction.(4) The integrated evaluating indices system of Chongqing eco-city includes final target level, sub-target level, rule level and index level. The final target level is social-economic-natural developing harmoniously urban ecosystem. The sub-target level contains harmonious nature, civilized society and efficient economy 3 indices. The rule level comprises virescence level, environment quality, prevention of pollution, development of economy, index of population, material and cultural life, social security 7 indices. The index level has 34 indices together.(5) Using theAHP and weighting exponent, regarding 1998 as benchmark year, by computer,...