Study Of Song Jiaoren's Thoughts On Political Party

This text is backed with Song-Jiaoren's party politics activities asground, guided by the basic theories of political science of Marx's theory,based on absorbing and referring those existed results, divided into four partsto make an overall discussion of Song's thoughts on political parties and toseek their quintessence.Part one, briefly explaining the historical origin of the word of politicalparty. Comparing Marxists'definition of political party with scholars'of thecapitalist class, and making an explanation to the meaning of party politics.Party politics refers to the political system that one country exercises regimeor intervenes political activities by using political party. In the idea ofpolitical party of the modern western capitalist class, the so-called politicalparty mainly pursues power by legal competing means under the parliament'sdemocratic political system, and the existence of the political party is underthe prerequisite of acknowledging the legitimacy of realistic regime. Thisidea of the modern capitalist class obviously influenced politicians andthinkers of Chinese modern capitalist class, and Song is regarded asrepresentative one.Part two, Second part ,describing Song 's thoughts of political parties inan all-round way, and making a simple introduction to his political partyactivities in each period.First, Song strongly criticized the preparing constitutionalism of theGovernment of Dynasty Qing. First of all, Song precisely pointed out theessence of preparing constitutionalism is to maintain feudal autocraticmonarchy; then, he refuted the preparing constitutionalism by referring totheories of capitalist class obligation of levy, universal election rights,participating rights for parliament, etc. and required the equality betweenChinese with Manchu and implementing democratic politics. Song'srevealing and criticism impelled compatriots to see clearly the true features ofthe Late-Qing government, accelerated the extinction of its, established afoundation for the forming and developing of his political party thoughts'Second, Song regarded the party politics as the best mode of theconstitutionalism politics. Song had a deep knowledge of the Japanesepolitical parties and political party system at that time, and pay close attentionto the development of Japan's politics. He thought that Japan political systemfell far short from real constitutionalism politics even after the MeijiReformation, that Japan's national political movement at that time could notget a great development, declared the party of Japanese Kuomintang's idealparty politics could not be realized. In order to change this state and set upreal party politics, the whole nation of Japan must be aware of it andparticipate in the transformation of regime together. Constitutionalismpolitics regard representing people's interests as criterion, and the partypolitics are most suitable for this kind of system.Third, Song emphasized the important function of Guiding principle inthe party politics. He regarded setting up republicanism like that of Americanand European as a kind of ideal in China, and described the function and theguiding principle of the political party in detail. He thought the political partywithout platform could not be called the political party, and the platform wasa form of expression of the political views of political party. The purpose ofthe political party is to take power and promote one's own platform as thestate policies, and, thus, promote the country's progress and people'shappiness.Fourth, Song advocated implementing the presidential government ofresponsibility. He thought whether the power of country fine or not isdetermined by the organization of the state organs, and the presidentialgovernment of responsibility is summarization of numerous organs and theadministrative head. He advocated the two-party system, objected to themulti-party system, maintained that two major political parties should carryon the competition through the legal means. He advocated the presidentialgovernment of responsibility. The reason is as follows, limiting thepresident's right; urgent needs of the realistic political struggle; getting rid ofthe feudal old bureaucrat's force inside the ranks of the revolution.Fifth, Song thought that the quality of politics mainly depended on thegoodness of political party. In his view, building democratic politics,finishing the political revolution, must relied on the political party. Underrepublicanism, the center force of national politics must concentrate on thepolitical party. Strong and good political parties, is the backbone of setting upand consolidating the democratic republicanism politics. A good governmentcan be set up if there is a strong and good political party. According to thethoughts of political party as above, he carried on the transformation to theKuomintang.Sixth, Song encouraged people to participate in politics, advocated legaland open competition between parties. He admonished every partyparticipating in competitions should launch party's fighting with awareness ofthe overall situations of the country and democratic politics. In order to strivefor people's support, he did not attack other parties or groups for no reason,but aimed spearhead at Yuan Shikai's autocratic governance. Herecommended people's shouldering the citizen's responsibility, caring activelyand participating in national politics.Part three, probing the failure reason of Song's political party thought.The failure is inevitable, and is determined by the social conditions and theKuomintang's softness at that time. Mainly reasons including: First, Lackingthe legal system and norm. Party politics must have one political norm thateverybody observe and be ensured to be implemented, but the temporaryprovisional constitution did not have authoritative position; Second,extremely hostile consciousness of party and groups. At that time,unprincipled competition between political parties not only exhausted theirown strength, but also influenced national interests. Third, lacking people'ssupport. He only knew the responsibility cabinet must be supported by thepolitical party, but did not know the political party will be supported bypeople either. Fourth, low-developed economy. The social economy of Chinawas not improved at all at that time, and the capitalist class was insufficientlydeveloped. Fifth, mistakes on building of the Party. Recruiting the Partymember is not based on differentiation of political ideology, which could notkeep the cohesiveness of the party arbitrarily. Sixth, national low quality.There are not good politics and steady country without high-quality people.