| With the "global association revolution" taken place in 1970s, Non-profit 'Organizations have developed remarkably in both western and third-world countries, and played an important role in public affairs. This paper, based on civil society theories and public governance theories, made a comparison of the NPO development in Western countries and in China from the viewpoint of "social system". After that, the paper addressed several special obstacles that were facing in the development of NPO in China, following an overall environment scanning. These obstacles, as it analyzed, comes from three sources, that is, government, society and market. Moreover, much emphasis was put on the construction of "Government-NPO-Market" pluralistic cooperation relationship to overcome these obstacles. At last, some policy advices were put forward to advance the development of NPO in China, under the guideline of the "Government-NPO-Market" pluralistic cooperation relationship.
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