| How to measure a society's development degree and what's the criteria of a society's development level, have significant effect on establishing a country's direction,correct target,formulating a correct development strategy. Currently, the Chinese government proposes building "the socialism harmonious society" strategy, according to scientific development views. So, there is important theoretical and practical significance, studying social harmonious development theory and building social harmonious development index system to guide our country social harmonious development.First, the paper discusses the strategy of development from the view of social development theory. Through the theoretical analysis to the changes of social development view, we can conclude that: the capitalism and socialism countries all had made mistakes practically and theoretically in the issues of social development and how to measure the development level of society. The dominant theory in the western developed countries propose one-sided development views which is the initiative pure economy grows and one-way degree in weight level of social development until the western thinkers focus on the global issues of resource,energy,environment and rethink the traditional development pattern lasted 300 years. This indicate the social development needs instruction of the scientific ideas and scientific measurement.The author thinks, nowadays, that it is necessary to study social index research in our country. Chinese domestic index research starts from the beginning of 80's 20th century, still belongs to the initial stage. In the past, Chinese development strategy valued economy target and neglected society target for a long time, and measuring development level also attached important to economic index and ignored social index. For example, the index of reflecting output and value is many, but the index of reflecting productive relationship,superstructure,the quality of life few.In addition to statistical figures kept in certain limit and so on many kinds of reasons, there is no social index fairly and systematically that reflect social problems. Even if there is some social index dispersing overall, they still do not study the social development wholly. Therefore, because of lacking the essential social index that carries on as the judger and the monitor, it has not only resulted in huge economic loss, but also has brought about serious uncoordinated situation and many social problems.In order to has a more thorough understanding to social index system, the author has made the analysis to the domestic and foreign social index's history and current situation, and discovered that our country's social index research has still many problem, although having made many achievement and progress. First, in index system, there are many,intricate index numbers which is not easy to lay stress on the key points, and between index numbers lacks systematic and inner links. Second, every system and branch is confined to their respective need, lacks lateral exchange and cooperation. Third, every synthesis index system that reflect social development lacks early warning index responding social and economic sustained development about ecology degeneration, environmental disruption, resource consume.On the research of social index, many countries around the world place in leading position, and have their own successful experience, and their theories on establishing social index system offer some reference for our country. The paper summarized their advanced theory to establish social index system that suit our country's condition and has Chinese characteristic.By analyzing Chinese socialism harmonious society's characteristic, the paper brings forward the principal structuring index system of our country's harmonious development. In order to instruct and measure our county's economic and social harmonious development, the paper attempts to propose the index system of our country's social harmonious development.
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