| Value-pluralism is a sort of pluralism. It derived from liberalism and poses a challenge to liberalism. The mostly study is about the relation of liberalism and value-pluralism. This thesis want to supply a angle of view which about the relation of liberty and value-pluralism through introduce the historical background,the main contents and the implication of political of value-pluralism.The thesis contains three parts:The first part introduces the historical background of value-pluralism, as is about the course of liberal development. Liberalism began in the 17th century, and it turn to neo-liberalism from classical liberalism after Mill's transformation. Neo-liberalism reached a peak after Roosevelt's New Deal. However, there are many campaigns against liberalism in1960s. The crisis had eased basic on the reflections of liberal in 1980s. at the same time. Value-pluralism began in the reflection of liberal. The campaign of value-pluralisms is encourage by the conclusion of Berlin's<>The second part explains the basic contents of value-pluralism by comparing with the monism and relativism. Monism inevitably think that there is only one correct answer for all question .We have one overriding value and a ideal society for humanity in the world , in that ideal society, all values are harmonious and orderly coexistence. Relativism thinks that there is no overwhelming objection to the value in our life .The values only in the middle of the scene with their own authority. Any value would be meaningless when it is divorced from the scene of value. Value-pluralism hold that there are certain universal values and the values are diversiform. Furthermore, the values are not only incommensurate, but also are conflicting. Incommensurability is the symbol of value-pluralism. Incommensurability can be explained from three facets. Firstly, incomparability which the meaning is that values is not compared because they are different in nature. Secondly, the values are not measured by a certain standard. Finally, the value can not be ranked like a dictionary, they do not have a gap between them.The third part explains the need of value-choice. Value-pluralism holds that the values can not be pursued together. We have an inevitable loss a value when we have chosen one because the values are conflicting. Furthermore, there is no rational solution to value-conflict. Faced this problem, Berlin drew a distinction of the negative liberty and positive liberty. The negative liberty is the liberty free form interference, while the positive liberty is the liberty of self-determination and self-realization. He thought that the positive liberty was easy to be abused and fell into the opposite of liberty——coercion and non-liberty. Only negative liberty is the true liberty. In Berlin, value pluralism should support the proposal negative liberty.However, the demonstration which about the priority of negative liberty is not reasonable in Berlin .for example, Gray noted that the value -pluralism is not linked to the concept of negative liberty. The more we respected the value-pluralism, the more tend to weaken the position as a perfect of negative liberty. On the contrary, value-pluralism contained the reasonability about the choice of value. The only reasonable choice is not only based on the specific situation and the importance of personal values, but also base on independence. This process requires that we must be autonomy. Autonomy can be explained from three parts: Firstly, individual must have the appropriate mental ability. Secondly, individual must have a full range of options. Thirdly, the process of choice is independence. Then, autonomy is a capability in this sense. So autonomy belongs to positive liberty. The value of negative liberty comes from its contribution to positive liberty. Government has an obligation to provide the conditions for civic autonomy.In short, Value-pluralism is against Marxism. It requires citizens actively engaged in the specific scene of moral and political life with a sense of realism.
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