Can Value Pluralism Justify The Universality Of Liberalism

Berlin was the first to put forward on the basis of value pluralism reconstruct universal liberalism thinker. His reflections in the real social reason of the decline of liberalism in the 20 th century, in the end the reason comes down to the mainstream of western ideology, traditional rationalism monism. First, through his reflections on several forms of rationalism monism, with plenty of writings to analyze critical rationalism monism, think that it is just an illusion ignored the reality of metaphysics, and subversion, dismantle the traditional liberalism subsistence, card into value pluralism from the opposite side to the liberal universality(or called pluralism liberalism). Then, his ideas from history to discover the thought of value pluralism, it analyzes the concept of value pluralism, and successively give negative freedom and tolerance, to free from the front, the value of common defense of multiple arguments into a liberal, going on to build on the basis of value pluralism liberalism universal theoretical system.But there is an obvious tension between value pluralism and liberalism: value pluralism in the theory and logic must deny any kind of universal value and high status, but liberal freedom value demand special arbitrariness. So, pluralism liberalism is not after denying the rationalism monism and reshape the liberal value monism, there is difficult to reconcile the contradiction between the two. Can therefore value pluralism in liberalism universality, or support value pluralism thinker can be liberal, become an important proposition of argument.There is no doubt that Berlin argument value pluralism from the opposite side to the rationality of the universality of liberalism- for several forms of critical rationalism monism, is fully and successful, but the positive argument is not satisfactory, is flawed. His lack of consistency and clarity, the positive argument does not eliminate liberalism is a kind of random things, make its generality. In Berlin proposed that the argument, John gray inherited the mantle of his students, admitted that there was a link between value pluralism and liberalism, but the difference is that he thinks is a competitive relationship between them. From two aspects of negative freedom and tolerance, he denies the universality of the pluralism liberalism, advocates pluralism liberalism is a variety of different political system of a "quick fix", has a chance. No detailed response to such criticism, Berlin, but George Claude has positive response carefully. He after criticism of we summarized predecessors’ point of view, from the differences of diversity, reasonable and virtue(especially the perspective of personal discipline) three aspects to carry on the argument, insisted that the value pluralism itself contains common strong and unique defense to liberalism, on the basis of value pluralism construct universal liberalism is feasible, can achieve the rights of the individual and the virtue. George Claude back to Berlin’s logic starting point, from two aspects of negative freedom and tolerance(not both) card into the universality of the liberalism, but with the Berlin and difference, reflected in the value pluralism of two kinds of freedom(Berlin of negative liberty and positive liberty) mutual mapping, especially, to the attention of the positive liberty is not only negative liberty.