| The thinking of world history of Marx is one of the important components in Marxism. His theoretical activities in his lifetime showed that the thinking of world history is the important scale and the methodological principle which he used to grasp history. His criticism of history, understanding of reality and belief in the future, to a large extent be attributed to his thinking of world history. Therefore, in a certain sense, if we do not understand the thinking, it is impossible to understand Marxism truly and completely.Based on combining the theory and practice, this article compared history with reality and combined the problems and controversy of this theory in current academic circles to study the Marx's world history theory in the following three parts.In the first part, the author studied the forming conditions of the theory on the background characteristic of times and Thinking of the source. First, the production of the Marx's world history theory has a profound social and historical background. Geographical discovery is the forming prerequisite of world history. Since the discovery, the main channel of exchanges has been changed from the land to the sea, and it created extremely favorable conditions for expanding exchanges. The arrival of world historical era turned the relations between the whole history of mankind and each nation or state into whole and part. Secondly, thinking of the source of Marx's world history theory embodied that he critically inherited the predecessors' theories, especially Hegel's theory and then created the scientific world history theory.The second part is Marxist theory of the content of the history of the world stage and features. It is the main part of this article. According to the order of its formation and development, the article divided it into three stages. The 1940s is the formation period of the theory. In this period, although the theory was quite fragmented, Marx stated his basic ideas clear and most of them were expressed in German Ideology and The Communist Manifesto. In the 1950s and 1960s, the theory has been further deepened. In this period, Marx studied the world history by combining it with the analysis of capitalism and the main results reflected in Das Kapital. After the mid-1970s, Marx in his later years studied the world history in the ancient society especially Russia Commune, which focused on Russian socialism in the future.In the third part, the article tried to explore the contemporary significance of the theory widely and deeply. First, it discussed the significance which the Marx's world history theory creates and developes the historical materialism. Second, it explained the globalization by using the theory, analyzed the relations between the Marx's world history theory and the globalization theory, and expounded the methodological significance which the theory deals with the globalization. Third, it analyzed the positive significance of human being's comprehensive development in the world historical conditions.The academic value of the article expressed in such ways: it provided a new perspective to study history by using the historical materialism; it developed the dialectics of whole and part; it offered the way of thinking to observe the social and historical issues by the view of world history. The practical value of the article expressed in its methodological guidance for dealing with the globalization and human being's comprehensive development.There are three innovations of the article. First, the author set forth the three stage features of the Marx's world history theory comprehensively and systematically. The former scholars only emphasized on Marx's early or later world history theory, or confused his different periods of the theory. However, the Marx's world history theory is a process of formation and development and it has different views in different stages. It is not Marx's thinking if we mix the different periods of his thinking together because it can not illustrate any problem. Therefore, it's necessary to arrange Marx's thinking by stages.Secondly, the difference is that the majority of scholars, the paper focuses on the Marxist theory of world history theoretical significance, the author expounded the significance which the Marx's world history theory creates and developes the historical materialism from the point of it. Marx established the historical materialism by sublating the Hegel's world history theory and the historical materialism laid a foundation for the Marx's world history theory.Again, when the author expounded the mode of production in India, she analyzed the fundamental reason why India was at a standstill from the view of world history. It was because the Indian villages closed the country to international intercourse and secluded from the world so that the country didn't form a large-scale production and the suitable commodity markets. It is very difficult to develop the capitalism by its own strength if there is no external impact force. British colonialists broke the Asia village-based production method through outside force so that India embarked on the road to capitalism. Although this process is full of humiliation and sacrifice and it paid a huge price, it is the road that India could not be avoided when it moved towards the world history. Finally, through analyzing the problem of leaping over the productive forces we found out the material basis of leaping over "Kafdin Valley" theory in Marx's later years. In the past, we always used to think that the development of the social system can be leaped and bounded in certain conditions, while the stage of the development of productive forces can not be acrossed. The leapfrog development of productive forces is a contentious link when many scholars study Marx's "leaping over Kafdin Valley". The article analyzed the possibility of the leapfrog development of productive forces from the point of world history.In short, the Marx's world history theory is a dynamic developing process. With the features on ultra-regional and ultra-nationalism, Marx pointed out that the general development of the productive forces and the universal human contacts are the motive forces of the development of world history. The dynamic role of contact can be expressed in the following ways: it can make up the development of productive forces and production relations so that they can transcend time and space for docking, thereby promote the development of world history; world market is the basic method of world history; world history is the dynamic whole when every nation or state contacts with each other; capitalism created the world history era, but the ultimate trend is communism. Only communist society can truly achieve human being's comprehensive development. The Marx's world history theory has an important methodological significance for the historical materialism and the globalization theory. It is rich in content, deep in thinking and comprehensive in system. |
