Comparation On Russian Federal System Reform From Yeltsin To Putin

Ever since its independence in 1991,the sixteen year's development of Russia can be divided into two parts: the eight years from late 1991 to late 1999 was the governing period of the first Russian president Yeltsin,called the"Yeltsin times"; The other sixteen years from 2000 to early 2008 was the governing period of the second president Putin,called the"Putin times". The sixteen years was the period in which Russia changed from the traditional Soverit Socialism to Western political and economic system. In this period ,great changes has occurred to its social political system,economic system,democratic system and diplomatic system,as well as its union system. In order to protect their governing ,protect the unification of the country ,avoid Soverit division, the first Russian president Yeltsin and his successor Putin,both took great measures trying to promote the union reform ,adjusting the relationship between the central and municipal government,and consequently made great achievements. This article mainly discusses the difference between the Yeltsin and Putin union reform,exploring the stem of those differences, summarizing the different consequences to the social development of different policies as well as the revealing to our social reform.The article consists of five parts:The first part: the historical development of the Russian federal system reform. Throughout the thousand years of the Russian Empire,the single centralization of authority was adopted ,the Union system was taken after the October Revolution ,its development went through three steps: the first step ,the October Revolution of 1971 to the foundation of the Soviet Union in 1922,a group of Bolshevik members started to build the Union,till the end of 1922 the Union settled primarily; The second step,the foundation of the Soviet Union in 1922 to the disassembly in late 1991,posing as the constituent republic of the Soviet Union in the Union stage. In this period,the Russian federal system reform was in fact a kind of unitary system because of the highly centralized polical system the Union adopted; The third step,ever since the disassembly of the Soviet Union till now , a new period in which the federal system resettled ,developed,and reformed.The second part : The difference between the Union reform of Yeltsin and Putin. After the disassembly of the Soviet Union,the national independence and abruption campaign ,instead of being weakened with the independence of Russia,continued to rise up. though no systematical reforming scheme was advanced in the Yeltsin time,and thus the federalism policy slightly compromising ,the union policy of this time effectively avoided the Soverit division,consequently kept the Russia Empire; Facing embarrassing situations at home and abroad, succeeding the outstanding outcome and the fact of the Yeltsin reform,Putin carried on consistent reform work,thus created good political environment for the development of politics and economic of Russia. In this part, we first lay emphasis on the difference of the model choice, sovereignty right,the nomination of the municipal governor between the union reform of Yeltsin and Putin period; then we discuss the subjective and objective reason of these differences; Lastly we analyse the consequences of the two different policies to the Russian society.The third part: Analysis of the succession of the Putin union reform. There are certain differences between the Yeltsin and Putin federal system reform,but definitely we can't deny the relationship between them. Based on the policies of the Yeltsin federal system reform, the Putin reform certainly holds succession and continuity. This part explores the succession of the Putin federal system reform and the outstanding change of the Russia federal system reform after the two presidents' reform : the steady promotion of the combination of the union body.The forth part: Future tendency of the Russia union system. Basing on the comparation of the differences and social consequences of the union policy two periods since the independence of Russia, forecast the future development of the Russian union system: changing to federal system;combining the union body effectively, moderately enlarging local autonomous right; changing the framework of the union body ,guaranteeing the equal rights of every nation; amending the union constitution, tranquilizing the working system of the Russia Union.The fifth part:Several revelations. The purpose of the research lies in application and study. Comparing the different influences on social development and the distinction of Russian policy in Yeltsin and Putin periods and straightening out Russia's policy development course are very important in dealing with the relationship between central authorities and localities, and also in putting forward our political structural reforms.