Research On Putin's Federal System Reform

To a certain extent,federalism is a subtle institutional design and arrangement that achieves national unity under complex factors and conditions.The 1993 Constitution of Russia stipulates that Russia is a federal state composed of eight federal entities with six different structural types but with full legal status.Based on historical and practical reasons,these federal subjects have many differences in terms of geographic area,resource allocation,population size,ethnic composition,language use,and religious beliefs.They also exist in cultural traditions,socio-economic development levels,and the level of civil society development.Larger gap.These factors are combined to make the Russian federal system in many ways different from other federal states in the world-complexity,difference,and imbalance.As William Smirnov pointed out:"Russian federalism is very obvious highlighting the contradiction of the country's political system.The Russian Federation-the number of federal subjects,the diversity of powers of various subjects,the level difference,the nation The weird combination of(following the principles of the nation-state)and the region(in accordance with the administrative regional principles)is unprecedented."In this connection,how to maximize the diversity of regional differences to achieve the unity of federal power is undoubtedly the key to Russia's handling of central and local relations.In the era of Yeltsin,in response to the gradual decline of the authority of the federal central government,the growing local power,and the serious threat of federal unity to federal unity,the choice of a mixed federal system of constitutional and treaty symbiosis,the date can be fed to the Federation.The disorder between the central government and the various entities has been actively adjusted,but the balance between diversity and unity has never been dealt with.The central power is weak,the local government is in a big position,and the problem of rational decentralization has still not been resolved.The economic separationism characterized by local protectionism is also widespread;the federal self-governing body,which is increasingly aware of national independence,demands that the momentum of division be long-lasting.In order to change this situation,a strong state power system is established.Based on historical lessons and the need for real development,Since Putin came to power,he has restructured the country's vertical power system on the basis of adjusting the relationship between the federal central government and various federal entities and strengthening the central authority over local authority,and formed his own comprehensive system of federal reform.After the adjustment and reform of the four-stage federal system of Putin and his political team,the implementation of the federal central government's control over local authorities,the establishment of local power organs,and the rationalization of the distribution of interests between the central and local governments have been effective.The state power system has achieved the consistency of the government system,improved the federal system,and consolidated national unity.At present,the relationship between the central and local governments of Russia has reached a state of peace and security,and the authority and duties of the local chief executives have also stabilized-accepting the role of the establishment and division of functions.At the same time,however,Putin's top-down reform,which is centered on strengthening presidential power,has also brought about some kind of institutional overcorrection,which has brought the country's vertical power system to some real contradictions,namely how to coordinate the central The distribution of power with the local co-management?How to meet the special development needs of different ethnic regions on the basis of "equal power of federal subjects"?How to prevent economic separationism characterized by local protectionism after the direct election of local administrators?and many more.Therefore,from a general perspective,Putin's federal reform is still not perfect,nor mature,and is still in the exploratory stage.To this end,we need to grasp it holistically and judge it objectively.After all,in the long run,centralized and balanced power and balance between the central and local governments will be a lasting dynamic game.Although Putin's federal reform still has many shortcomings,we cannot help but see that the positive reform of the federal system proves the major changes in Russia's political system reform based on internal political changes,proving the existence of local interests.And their influence in the process of national political decision-making.A series of measures to strengthen central authority and highlight the role of the government is of great significance for maintaining Russia's political stability,rebuilding economic order and a stable social order.Correspondingly,it also brings us some useful experience and inspiration.In the future,whether it is possible to establish effective coordination with local political leaders and institutions in the federal central power system and to incorporate their opinions into specific national political decision-making and enforcement mechanisms,and to establish interest coordination and action among federal entities at the local level.The mechanism for consultation is an important issue for the improvement and development of the Russian national political system.