| It is widely received that eco-environmental problems and poverty problems have been considered as two major problems during the development of social economy. The combination problems of eco-environmental and poverty have long been holding back the development of western china. Ecological emigration is an innovative action which was created by western regions governments under national policy guiding, so as to solve the ecological environment and poverty problems.Ecological emigration as a means to solve the ecological environment and poverty problems, were creative measures of western regions governments under national policy guiding.Therefore, on the basis of population emigrations theory, ecological footprint theory and theory of evaluation of domestic urban human settlements, with towns of Chankou and Lijiabu are selected as regional and ecological background, which two towns are main project of An'ding district in city of Dingxi during the construction of small town, this research is on the regional ecological capacity and residential environment after the ecological immigrants'relocation, and put forward countermeasures of sustainable development. The major results are as followed:(1)From the Perspective of ecological capacity: the immigrants are in sustainable development status after the relocation.The ecological footprints of studied area were increasing year by year during 2004-2006, and the range of increasing trend to be enlarged every year. The farmland and grassland constitute the major portion, and are the main ecological productive area type of residential consumption in Chankou and Lijiabu town, the second is the forest and fossil energy land,constructive land and water area are with minimum footprint. The result states that with the development of the economy and society and improvement of level of people's living standard, the exploitation of land resources by mankind had raise as well as the request on the amount of ecological productive area. The ecological capacity increased on some level but the change range trended to be smaller, the capacity of the two towns mainly comes from farmland, which provided the majority of biological production for the regional residents, secondly is forest and constructive land. In contrast, the ecological capacity of grassland, fossil energy land and water area are under fragile condition, as much as 0 per capital. On another side, this result had come to the conclusion of the agricultural structure's unitarily in the town of Chankou and Lijiabu, and vulnerability of grass and water resources. But generally, there's always ecological surplus in some level, which shows that the studied area are at the condition of sustainable development.(2) The result of human settlements assessment shows that the immigrants'living standards are improved after the relocation.Due to the advantageous geographical position, the optimization of industrial structure, adjustment of settlement pattern, etc. the result of human settlements assessment of the two towns are 0.7062 and 0.7192, which shows that by the mean its hunman settlement' average level is 0, these towns are better human settlement assessment than An'ding district of Dingxi city,peasants'productions got improved, their living standard trend to be better.(3) Benefit Analysis: the implementation of ecological immigrants'policy had established the unity of ecological, social and economical benefit.Firstly, ecological migration had positive effects on out-migration area eco-environment improvement, soil and water conservation and keeping ecological balance. Secondly, ecological migration enabled peasants from the out-migration area to get rid of rigorous environment, be lifted out of poverty and solved their eating and dressing problem. At last, the immigrants start to run business such as planting industry and breeding industry, those advanced technology and management promoted second and third industries, end up with a major increase of net income per capita of the farmers.
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