A Study Of The Relationship Between Human And Nature In Terms Of Marx's Theory Of Three Social Formations

In the main trend of peace and development, all the nations in the world are accelerating their economies to seek the most interests. However, in the above mentioned harmonious social circumstances, our human beings are also facing many crises. Among them, the conflicts between humans and nature are growing serious, what is worse, have become one problem of threatening our humans existence. In terms of history, we human beings have been naturally linked with nature. With the development of our society, the relation between humans and nature is variably changing. Unfortunately, in the present day, we and nature are both confronted with serious challenges. What is the way out? We should not only examine ourselves and nature, but also practise our theory and safeguard our"garden".Marx's ideology of the relation between humans and nature expounded by him contains plentiful contents. He said that the link between human beings and nature was a historical existence and that the relations in social forms were different. However, he told us that even if the links changed and developed, they had to follow the law of dialectics, ranging from the original unity of humans and nature to the opposite of them, and again to the high-leveled harmonious unity of humans and nature. In Marx's opinion, the solution to the contradiction of human beings and nature is to realize the high-leveled harmonious unity in the future product economy.According to the available research results, the article states Marx's"three kinds of social forms"in a historical way. On this basis, the thesis inquires into the historical evolution of the relations between humans and nature in a deep-going way, examines Marx's idea of the links between them and mainly discuss the situations in a natural economy, a commodity economy and a product economy and the enlightenment on humans so as to resume the harmony in humans and nature. The article is made up of five parts.Part one: to state briefly Marx's theory of three economic and social formations."The Three Patterns of Economic and Social Configuration"underwent a gradually developing and maturing process, which was reflected in"Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844","The German Ideology"and"1857-1858 Manuscript of Economics". In"Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844", he expounded preliminarily the three social patterns of pre-capitalism, capitalism and communism. And in"The German Ideology", he inquired into the ownership of pre-capitalism, the private ownership of capitalism and the system of communism. All this reflects his gradually enhancing and systematic patterns of economic and social Configuration.Part two: to attach the great importance to the linkage between humans and nature in a natural economy.In the natural economy with low productive forces, people's producing and living depended on materials provided by the nature only because the former lied in the decisive role. At the same time, it is only by the way of working that our human could obtain these materials. That is to say, work linked humans and nature. Generally, our human beings were in the harmony with nature.Part three: to state the relation in a commodity economy.In this commodity economy, whose productive force is developing increasingly, humans subjective is enhanced so greatly that nature has become the object that humans are trying to conquer and control instead of that which is essential for humans to produce and live. Doing this not only aggravates the linkage between people and nature, but also makes persons ignorant and selfish.Part four: to expound the linkage between human beings and nature in a product economy.In the future product economy, in which the disadvantages of the commodity economy will have been rooted out, productive force and productive relation will have developed fully. The liberation of both nature and people will have come true. Our beings ideas and behaviors of conquering and controlling nature have no longer existed. What is more, by the way of society, we and nature will be in a new harmonious unity. Part five: to state the contemporary enlightenment of Marx's ideas of human and nature.Firstly, his ideas are the foundation of examining ourselves so as to resume the harmonious positions of human and nature. Secondly, his ideas will guide us to solve the issues of human and nature.