The Analysis Of Relative Gains In The International Relation Theory

The"relative gains"is one of the crucial conception of the new realism international relations theory.The comments of this concept by Waltz,Kenneth Neal in《Theory of international politics》is the most famous.How to understand the role of the relative gains has become the focus of differences in different cooperation theories. Relative gains reflect the problem of the unblance benefit between two sides in the cooperation.This problem is related to the interaction between States,relevant knowledge.It is an obstacle to the inter-State cooperation.The appearance of this concept is inseparable with the international background of 70's,20th century.The reasons why the nations concern relative gains,mainly due to the following three reasons:the anarchy of international politics;the interdependence between countries and the reviews of mutual distrust between countries.The essence of the concerns of the relative gains is that it's an inherent"safety valve"of the balance mechanism,which denied all the the positive role of absolute gains for both sides in the international cooperation,and it exchanges the interacetion of the nations into absolute"zero-sum game",that is,"All your gains is the loss for me."However,the negative effect on the relative gais is not absolute,and in today's society to limit the role of the relative gains constraints are:the non-absolute of anarchy and the review for the other;interests and power conversion problem;the competition of many countries;domestic interest group competition.In the last part of this article,The France and Germany for hundreds of years in several important interaction was discussed to prove that the concern of"relative gains"is not static,not must be negative to the whole world.The level and results of that concern should be in accordance with the history of the specific interaction context and the environment.